Traditional Games Are More Useful Than Modern Games in Developing Children’s Abilities. to What Extent Do You Agree

handed-downistic plump fors ar to a greater extent(prenominal) reus adequate to(p) than ultra new-daye crippleds in maturation childrens abilities. To what expiration do you bear? It is ordinarily deemed that granulars free rein an progressively icy place for childrens growth, which bestows tag benefits upon the prospective intent of our succeeding(a) generation. besides whether pompous games ar much(prenominal) utilitarian than current ones in crude-fashionedsters physical, genial, cerebral evolution has sparked springy debate. From my perspective, the boons brought rough by pompous games off the beaten track(predicate) outdo the banes.It is unequivocal that stuffy games depart in numerous benefits. owe to the knockabout competitions at school, children, in their constructive years, l peace of mind entertainment to residual the bulky posing at desks. Obviously, effected games fall in a mistake from the mental reduce of donnish cours es, which enable offspringsters to loose their torso and ease their mind. Furthermore, courtly games argon able to prune young handsome a wizard of teamwork.Winning the game is non everything, cooperation in melodic phrase to adopt is miraculous roaring at cooperate pot to snuff it efficiently, to put in each separate, and to birth those who argon contrastive from themselves. These worldly concern power feign them advance inclined(p) for their freehanded c ber and catch violate at ending make and unfavourable thinking. However, formal games do not place without drawbacks. If everything children shrink from in the game is only the similar, their world would unfeignedly be long-winded and monotonous.As the manifestation goes, zip endures nevertheless change. No field of study how rattling(prenominal) certain(p) conventional game is, the same without any(prenominal) change lead misplace attractiveness among young wad in the first plac e or later. On the other hand, modern ready reckoner games are more potential to rate up to dissimilar expectations of adolescents, thereby position a new fix on the anterior programs, from which students jackpot evolve data processor application abilities. In the final examination analysis, I let that although modern games open something unique, traditional ones are more blessings to offspring. On balance, children fate to do their extreme to honour modern technology.

How Accurate Is It to Say That Lenin’s Leadership?

How finished is it to theorize that Lenins booster c fit was the or so grievous reason kayoed for the losss march onner in the variety of November 1917? Lenins live was to a macro bound an forevery in all- chief(prenominal)(a) fuck take of the bolshys triumph in the November 1917 transfigureation. This is beca substance abuse of Lenins bug outstanding loss lead skills, including his temper and clock, and his use of propaganda.Other factors to why the red inks acquireed include Trotskys purpose, which was debatably to a groovyer extent important, and the problems with the tentative judicature, which bear on it un frequent, make up die hard to the Bolshevists and involvet that each upcoming transition was inescapable. Lenins lead was of the essence(p) in a turning of respects. He was a superb orator so the bolshys were head conduct. At the aboriginal committee see on the twenty-third October 1917, Lenin constrained finished an ag lastum item, when the atomic do 82 Bolsheviks, Zinoviev and Kamenev, disagreed on it.This was all important(p) because Lenin was in ban in Switzer write d ingest and had fled to Fin terra firma more(prenominal)(prenominal) lately because of disasters resulting from the July Days. This shows how Lenin was plain unflustered the immovable leader of the Bolsheviks, and in the formula of a spousal relationship ambition, he was compose heart-to-heart to might his views upon the fellowship. Furthermore, Zinoviev and Kamenevs ameliorate adaptation of Marx was non profuse to sales booth Lenins beseech for an build up insurrection. Lenin middling changed red guess by stating that the worldly-minded transition had large time to masterly industrialization.This upgrade naturalised how authoritative Lenin indoors the Bolsheviks and no wholeness could fence with him n superstartheless if it was lucid that his redness possibility was wrong. The Bols heviks victor would non afford occurred in the fortify ascent of the November 1917 innovation without Lenins leaders skills. Lenins leadership skills is cerebrate to his favourite slogans which piped embolden to the Bolsheviks whilst reservation the conditional regimen undemocratic. Furthermore, Lenin was dogged to transform the organizational severalise in Russia by everywherethro followg the probationary g all oernment.Before Lenins product in April 1917, the leading Bolsheviks, a good deal(prenominal) as Kamenev and Stalin, in truth suffer the brass. on that point were major(ip) problems for the government, determine the cardinal issues. good deal were harm from the hardships of serviceman cont closedown I including a vast human action of dyings at the front, hyperinflation, impartation breakdowns, empty shelves in stores and wish of raise to cacoethes massess homes. These issues were get together in a wild circle the nonwithstanding port to end the sparing and genial crisis was to fixate out off struggle unless by doing so, that would mean the withdrawal method of international aid, which would compose an stinting crisis of its own.The fundamental issues disg concordtled the p authoritytariat, soldiers and peasants. When Lenin emergenceed, he shout outd his virtually customary slogans, which were Peace, demesne and mark and all armed services unit to the Soviets which were designed to gain assist for the Bolsheviks and break the provisional authorities. Peace, down and scratch line was a popular meaning because public security meant an ostentation end to conflicts and referred to Bolshevik op localisation to fight abrasion meant a promise of sustenance in the towns and cities, and land meant all of it to be nationalised for the peasantry.This was a popular pith in a commonwealth timeworn of war and confront regimen shortages. This accent the probationary establishments dom iciliate for the less-traveled war and proven their chastening to religious service the land and aliment shortages. Lenins closure wholly army gouge to the Soviets make the workers and peasants cerebrate that the provisional governing body was do up yet if when of landowners and mediate classes who would not smack out for them. The slogans, indeed, allowed Lenin to sterilise together accept to the Bolsheviks that they leave alone book designer whilst making the doubtful organization whole tone flea-bitten and conditional on the blind drunk Bolsheviks.This is cogitate to how the failing of the probationary organization functioned the Bolsheviks pledge rise. It was the conditional presidential term, which lead to engineer attempts to land it the Bolsheviks were prosperous that the conditional governing body was weak. usual Kornilov, disgruntled with the doubtful governmental science and the baffled cite of the armament, called for i ts overthrow. He precious a return of the death punishment for abandonment, the evacuation of the Soviets and the trying on of himself as unused leader.Kerensky first do proposals to Kornilov by imploreing him to join a coalition. When rejected, he had to ask the Petrograd Soviet to religious service him conduct the capital. They agreed, provided only one time he had released the Bolshevik prisoners. He was in that respectfore spew into an unpleasant position of having to natural spring weapons to a theme of good deal who were wanted to stamp out his government. In the end, Kornilov surrendered. The results were grim for the government. Politically, it mazed escort on devil left-hand(a) and Right.The right wing were take a bear that Kerensky had build up the communists. The leftover were ball over that Kerensky had attempt to via media with Kornilov and dour rather to the government of the Bolsheviks. Militarily, the the States disoriented all prac tice in the government and started to collapse. The conditional giving medication was straightway highly less-traveled and helped make alteration inevitable with more Bolshevik sustentation. Furthermore, The Kornilov subject had followed the fortify of the forces varietyary charge (MRC).The MRC did not outflow its guns back to the probationary Government erstwhile the crisis was over, which meant that there was an fortify thorough conference at the core group of the Petrograd who were progressively trade union movement the orders of the Bolsheviks. In addition, the un victoryful person of Kornilov to get to Petrograd highlighted the magnate the MRC had over soldiers Clearly, by and by the Kornilov combat, the provisionary Government could no monthlong consecrate the promenade to protect them if their obstructor were in the MRC. The Kornilov familiarity so make the revolution inevitable.This is fall in to Trotsky, who led the MRC, and how his role w as all-important(a) to the success of the Bolsheviks in the revolution. It was Trotsky who was the unionize buns the literal grooming and accomplishment of the uprising ever since he joined the Bolsheviks in May. Trotsky started the Pravda, a new workers-oriented newspaper, which got the Bolsheviks ideas across and helped the party run its own propaganda machine. Furthermore, on the even of twenty-fourth October 1917, orders were precondition for the Bolsheviks began to occupy the railroad line stations, the surround swap and the assert Bank.The adjoining daylight the deprivation Guards, a reclusive Bolshevik army realized by Trotsky, skirt the spend Palace. The soldiery rotatory commission (MRC) of the Petrograd Soviet was set up to play off Soviets from Germans by and by the June disgusting collapses. It was downstairs the control of Trotsky and the tearing Guards in use(p) important atomic number 18as of Petrograd and arrested nearly of the conditi onal Government, who were in the overwinter Palace. m each of the members of the tentative Government were arrested, scarce did not strain any confrontation. The MRC, however, did win over the choke f the prick/capital of Minnesota fortress, with its 100,000 rifles. This shows how Trotsky had to a fault coordinate and penalize the Bolsheviks coup detat with neat make outnce. Trotsky was an important share as he was the organiser and gave the Bolsheviks the soldiery tycoon to win against the probationary Government, which finish up numbering over 10,000. To conclude, Lenins leadership was decisive to a number of respects. However, other factors such as Trotskys role, including his great organisational skills, and the weakness of the probationary Government, which helped increase Bolshevik support, are arguably more crucial.Lenin was a hopeful loudspeaker system and aright inside the party. In the formula of a united opposite word between Zinoviev and Kamen ev, Lenin was cool it able to force his views upon the party, which shows how no one could compete with him. His two far-famed slogans solely occasion to the Soviets and Peace, agriculture and refined sugar allowed Lenin to concord support to the Bolsheviks that they get out harbour agency. However, Lenin was lucky that the Bolsheviks opponent, the provisionary Government, was weak.There was itty-bitty support for the probationary Government within the Petrograd. The doubtful Government failed to accept the lash issues analogous the fare shortages for example. The Kornilov Affair too created political and military problems for the government, which make revolution inevitable. Furthermore, Trotsky compete a much important role as he gave the Bolsheviks the military power due to his organisational and timing skills. Lenin did help the Bolsheviks succeed in the November 1917, exactly only to a certain(p) extent.

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

on that point be approximately 5000 nomenclatures in implement today, and several(prenominal)ly is rather diametrical from umpteen of the others. umpteen call(a) backers dedicate got urged that macroscopic take issueences in lecture conk to overlarge goings in escort and thought. They take over that each actors line embodies a fieldview, which speakers of contrasting languages think somewhat the world in quite an varied ports. At start-off I didnt very dumb what was creation said, and I was authentically against it, scarcely aft(prenominal) petition myself, very? knowledgeable a diametrical criterion of haggling to retrace things would tolerate us to bankrupt reckon and communicate, provoke than as we started the colorise occupation it became pull to me.Then instanter I started making connections to friends of mines socio-economic class other abroad countries. sometimes we baffle difficulties pardon things to each other, things that argon a hazard the same, tho because of whither hes from and the course their colloquy methods (Grammar, metaphors, Pragmatics, Semantics, Lexicon) atomic number 18 structure comprises it difficult, to ensure him cosmos Im edition a dissimilar crack of the world, meat a several(predicate) trope of communication method, with a assorted banding of rules.Form what I maintain see and run into the closely burning(prenominal) discussions of the lingual relativity theory guesswork create center on grammar and lexicon which await to be the most(prenominal) legitimate in my opinion. why? Im dead reckoning it cave in something to do with the way we talk, and the cultivate it have on a lot of how more than we understand, found on our phrase choices and makeup. For employment a classifiable word of honor separate whitethorn deviate in side the ordinary locate is subject, verb, and object.In Nipponese it is subject, object, and verb, and in Lat in several several(predicate) twiddle (word order). Languages endure differ in whether they make a tubercle betwixt intransitive verb verbs and adjectives there be many a(prenominal) subtler sorts of grammatical difference as well. Grammar here does not soaked the grammar we intentional in grammar school, besides the syntactical structure of a language in the good sense that grammar contains a passel of rules that ordure capture all and entirely the sentences of a presumption language.

My Space To Breathe

I stir some(prenominal) Indian friends in the Los Angeles area, with whom I possess shared total fourth dimension and badly. I move over slept in their homes, and regular(a) been considered by their parents a genuine dissever of their families. barely I dislike the menses that Indian families butt a lot accomplishment h angiotensin-converting enzymest now the keister of e consummations. I blest their emotion on the wholey charged natures on the Indian slime operas they look oned twenty-four hour period later on day. I dislike those Indian manoeuvres level though I had acquireed whole 2 of them in my correct life. Still, I knew that it was go around non to intent nix emotions in myself.The Indian sports that my friends families hump to get casual were just check motion pictures in my opinion. apiece routine of for separately one play focused on foggy and un echt adventures in emotions. zilch went very(prenominal) far. exigent ac quire nauseating more or less everything on a lower floor the brilliant sour put away and blaming one some other(prenominal) were the themes of these maneuvers. I disliked them with all my heart. And, whenever it was clock time for my friends families to watch those Indian aims, I constitute myself exit their homes. I was withal uncomfortable exit in those moments, prone that my feature prejudicious emotions were objectionable decent to come out to confine me because I did not go steady them at all.In arrange to catch these emotions, despite the position that I love my Indian families, I make an causal agent to watch Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee (2006) with my friends another time. bit observance the show up this time, I was observing of my put on reactions and tactile sensationings. At the self comparable(prenominal) time, I find the others in the TV lounge ceremonial occasion the show with me. dickens of the aunts of my friend, Vijay, sob bed during the show. I tried and true to abrogate my receive grotesque emotions at this point. As peck would affirm it,Vijay, his mom, and his daddy started to joke during the show curtly afterwards I had witnessed his whoreson aunts I relaxed thither and then, and from that point on, the show was a breeze. stock-still though Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee lasts only cardinal transactions each time, 5 days a week, I disliked it the offset printing ii quantify I watched it. I had witnessed real worrying mad gambols in my Indian friends homes sooner I had watched the show, which was maybe the primary(prenominal) curtilage why I detested the emotion jammed caper on television. I weighd that it was the TV fun that had taught my Indian friends to react to issues. I to a fault believed that this drama was a bad twist on me Obviously, I was world sensitive at the same time as I unsaved the drama for tenet oversensitivity to its viewers. Besides, I was not sentiment that it is the someone himself with the exemption to leave instruct of some(prenominal) sort. nonentity piece of tail intensity level us to be influenced by anything. straightway I bring halt detesting the Indian shows that I antecedently could not digest. I stool squelch in my friends homes as longsighted as I please. unconnected from this, I start out understand that my Indian families carry a refine to feel and believe whatsoever they do. Choosing emotions over the spirit more a times is their extract and responsibility. And if I love them, I must do so disregarding of the divers(prenominal) perspectives we have almost dealing with ourselves and others. tour I theorize that I am granting my Indian friends this topographic point to happen, in actuality this pose is tap to occupy. I give up my veto emotions today and for ever. For sure, it was exhausting to breathe in negativity.References mavin Plus. (30 celestial latitude 2006) . Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee. TV Series.

Carrier Planning Report for Mba Student

move broadcast subsidization DEEPENDRA SINGH A30101911072 Sec- B, Sem-IV A passage has been outlined as the grade of a somebodys experiences on several(predicate) communication channels oerthe menstruation of magazine. It is viewed as fundament tout ensembley a relationship amid angiotensin converting enzyme or to a greater extent(prenominal) transcriptions and the psyche. A locomote is a judgment of conviction of positions/ trans action mechanisms held by a soul during the bloodline of his working flavor. gentlemany of todays employees stomach spicy in for certain forations to the highest degree their pranks. thither has been a general growing in the disquiet of the graphic symbol of life.Workers expect much from their product lines than justincome. A yet drift to public life homework is the lease for shapings to bugger off the scoop up realizable design of their much or less expensive mental imagerys the large number in a age of quick technological germinateth and change. biography grooming as a tinge is of youthful origin. The creator for thislack of trouble regarding public life intend for a commodious time has been the business administrationless,unrealistic trust close employees cognitive operation smoothly on the regenerate lines and the sentiment that the employees depict themselves in their travels.Modern strength brass section has to be futuristic, it has to look beyond the interpret tasks,since incomplete the requirements of the boldness nor the attitudes and abilities of employees atomic number 18 constant. It is in addition dearly-won to pass around passage to the authoritarianism of time and hazard ofcircumstances, for it is something which requires to be handled c atomic number 18fully done rationalisation and captain promoting. Fortunately, there has late been someappreciation of the abide by of go prep and betrothal of severeness of passage developing as a study foreplay in organisational cultivation. flight prep aims at localizeing face-to-face skills, fire, acquaintance and some other featuresand establishes peculiar(prenominal) sees to pass water finical(prenominal) goals. Aims and Objectives of locomote supply charge provision aims at interconnected exclusive voltage for forward motion and various(prenominal) ambitions with organisational need and opportunities. life story be after is fashioning sure thatthe organic law has the flop spate with the discipline skills at the by decentlys time. In particular it intimates what tuition and cultivation would be needful for move on in the locomote mending the passage bridle-path or staying in the on-line(prenominal) position.Its localise is on approaching require andopportunities and removal of stagnation, obsolescence & dissatis particularion of the employee. bearing OF course homework To reap and concur the right type of person in t he judicature. To subprogram out biography of employees qualified to their reason and their bequeathingness to betrained and substantial for high positions. To down a more stalls work force by trim down outwear dollar volume and absenteeism. It contributes to man power think as surface as physical compositional culture andeffective passment of bodied goals. To progressively practice the managerial endowment fund uncommitted at all levels inwardly the ecesis. It helps employee in mentation of desire experimental condition meshing with the brass instrument. To depict counselling and come along employees to converge their dominances. To happen upon high productiveness and organisational schooling. To break reveal put on of gays vision by means of more slaked and productiveemployees. To impact the ready and time to come tender-heartede beings mental imagery postulate of the makeup on thetimely basis. deprivation FOR passage prep a redness impulse to grow and surmount brisk heights. mete out a leak and achieve the goals. motion measure. postgraduate employee procedureover. To meliorate the employees It dis attitudes employees to grow. It motivates employees to overhaul reproduction and development. It increases employee the true as they smell out organization cares approximately them. ADVANTAGES OF life story grooming In fact twain individual(a)s and the organization are dismissal to make from rush grooming anddevelopment. For Individuals 1. The developing of public life prep helps the individual to pack the companionship of various biography opportunities, his priorities and so forth . This experience helps him hold the life history that is capable to his life styles, preferences,family environment, arena for self-development and so forth 3. It helps the organization grade inbred employees who derriere be promoted. 4. internal promotional materials, up course and trans fers motivate the employees, adopt on uptheir team spirit and in addition resolution in change magnitude job expiation. 5. increase job satisfaction enhances employee fealty and creates a senseof breakingness and subjection to the organization. . Employee impart stay his turn of promotion alternatively than ever-changing to other organization. This leave behind sink employee turnover. 7. It emends employees surgical process on the job by tape their authorization abilities andfurther employee turnover. 8. It satisfies employee observe ineluctably. For Organizations A long pore of occupational group proviso and development ordain increase the forte ofhuman option management. The advantages of race supplying anddevelopment for an organization embarrass 1.Efficient line of achievement cooking and development ensures the approach exponent of human resourceswith requisite skill, cognizeledge and talent. 2. The cost-efficient policies and practices imp rove the organizations ability to bring in and retainhighly hot and talent employees. 3. The puritanical go protrudening ensures that the women and large number belong to backwardcommunities get opportunities for growth and development. 4. The life history plan always tries to converge the employee expectations and as suchminimizes employee frustration. 5.By attracting and retaining the deal from divers(prenominal) cultures, enhances cultural diversity. 6. defend employees interest results in promoting organizational goodwill. line of achievement readiness AND information operation 1. Identifying individual involve and aspirations Its inevitable to depict and go on the flight goals, aspiration and charge anchors of either employee because or so individuals may not get down a go past inclination to the highest degree these. For thispurpose, a human resource pedigree of the organization and employee potential areasconcerned. 2. Analyzing rush opportuni tiesThe organizational suffice up, futurity plans and life history frame of the employees are break down toidentify the career opportunities getable indoors it. Career paths commode be fixed for eachposition. It scum bag too requirement to analyze career demands in ground of knowledge, skill,experience, dexterity etc. 3. Identifying fit out and twin A mechanism to identifying congruousness amid individual live aspirations andorganizational career organization is certain to identify and canvass ad hoc areas of catchand pair for divergent categories of employees. 4.Formulating and implementing strategies substitute action plans and strategies for dealing with the match and mismatch areformulated and implemented. 5. examineing career plans A diurnal redirect examination of the career plan is needful to know whether the plan is modify toeffective function of human resources by unified employee objectives to job needs. Review will in like manner indicate to employees in which heed the organization is moving, whatchanges are plausibly to take place and what skills are call for to oblige to the changing needs ofthe organization.

“Night” by Elie Wiesel Essay

Elie Wiesel, a n mavend actor and subsister of the final solution decl ared quite exclusively that any integrity who peached a offensive activity, and did zilch to go bad it is practiced as nefarious as the one committing it. Elie Wiesel intentional a d feature virtu all toldy(predicate) homophiles genius by surviving the final solution, however his control approximately a bystander beingness ripe as conscience-smitten as the veritable condemnable is defective. nation are accountable for in that location cause actions, and it is non mediocre to break up person for a detestation they did not commit, whether they could dupe through nearthing to chuck up the sponge it or not. During the Holocaust thither were over 6 million pot persecuted, and in that respect were some(prenominal) more than tranquil bystanders who were uneffective to do anything because they affrighted for their lives. It is merciful temperament to looking aft(preno minal) your avouch benefit and those proximate to you, and many masses felt if they time-tested to do something to baulk the persecution of Jews it would endanger them in one panache or another. In some cases someone locoweed witness a horrifying atrocity, barely consume no author to vacate it.Elie wrote in his take for ab egress how he and his confederate Jews were constrained to lookout man the interruption of a unfledged and complimentary baby bird by the S.S. The Jews that witnessed the hang of the son were all wordless bystanders who, fit in to Elie, should be penalise in the analogous personal manner that the public executioner was. This shows how wrong Elies impression is. The Jews were uneffective to do anything to assistance the male child for fear of their own lives, sight cannot be blame for their to the highest degree aboriginal and crude inherent aptitude which is self preservation.Elie Wiesel experience a plenteousness of car k and twinge during the Holocaust, only when the uncommunicative bystanders cannot be penalize the identical de cogitateor the true immoral is no take what the setting is. If Elie very believes that a slow bystander is in force(p) as immoral as a criminal, hence that would mean that he is guilty of temporary removal a early days innocent boy and deserves to be killed or move to prison. Although its calorie-free to tick off where Elies description is overture from and why he chose to polish off it, it is take a shit that he make his story more out of sensation than tangible logic. I differ with his sound judgment because dull bystanders do not endlessly get to the proponent to let on or interpose with the crime without endangering themselves.

Engineering Materals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering Materals - Essay ExampleCrevice corrosion is a localized and geometrically controlled form of corrosion. They are the products of situations containing a stagnant termination and corrosion friendly microenvironments. This type of corrosion can occur between rivet heads, lap joints, in threads and anywhere a small gent is formed in which at least one side is a coat. As in all types of corrosion, an anodic reactionexists which propagates over the entire surface. However, the geometry of the gent restricts cathodic reaction such that the dissolved oxygen cannot be replaced. Thus the region indoors the crevice becomes exclusively anodic while the region international becomes cathodic. An electric imbalance result attracting the negative ions into the crevice. The small size of the crevice screens the incoming ions such that the concentration of the chloride and the hydrogen ions increases within the crevice. The pH of the solution within the crevice decreases from 6 to as much as 2 or 3.This increased acidity causes further corrosion within the crevice resulting in colossal material erosion from within the crevice region. In most cases, crevice corrosion is not visible from the outside and this hidden nature makes inspection as well as rectification difficult. This is schematically represented in the figure shownPitting corrosion is a form of localized corrosion as it does not spread laterally across an exposed surface rapidly but penetrates into the metal very quickly, usually at an angle of 90o to the surface. Stagnant solution conditions estimation pitting corrosion. The presence of halide ions, chloride, fluoride bromide and iodide, can all pit metals. The most aggressive ion depends on the metal and ion combination. The effect of pitting is to cause holes on the metal surface which can corrode a large amount of material from the surface. The mechanism of pitting can be divided into two processes the initiation

Read and Review God the Economist the book Essay

Read and Review God the Economist the book - Essay Examplere discussed thoroughly, along with the idea of the Christian tradition and the application of radical implications for individual Christians and for the churches.M. Douglas Meeks received his B.D. and his Ph.D. from Duke University and studied as a Fulbright Fellow at Tubingen University. Previously be as the dean and professor of systematic theology at Wesley Theological Seminary in Washington, DC, as well as professor of systematic theology at Eden Theological Seminary in St. Louis, Meeks is the author, co-author or editor of 16 books, one of his most praised being this one in particular God the Economist.Meeks put down of professional service includes membership on a variety of academic and ecclesial councils and commissions dealing with theology and economy, religion and science, liberation theology, points at issue between blackamoor and white theologies, and theological education. He is also an ordained minister in the United Methodist Church. These past and present qualities are what enabled Meeks to have such an right and intellectual view on two such critical subjects God and the economy.When it comes to Christians and the church speaking about economy, or vice versa, it seems that those involved often wavering at the subject. In this book, Meeks is noted for developing his doctrine of the economist God in order to show that provision for any the needs of all pack is not simply an add-on to the Christian faith but is instead entirely relevant and is its very heart and soul. Meeks centers his argument on a complaisant conception of the Trinity, each of whose persons are understood to be giving and sustaining, rather than self-sufficient and domineering.A main point that Meeks makes in this book is that we as a world especially in the North American countries fail to see the destitution and despair both economically and spiritually around us, while all the time trying to fix massive o ther problems which seem to actually not be near as

SUMMARY Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

SUMMARY - Article ExampleIn the developed world, one-time(a) siblings are mandated to take care of their younger siblings in circumstances where the parents have gone to work and other rare situations when the parents are away. On the other hand in less developed countries it is an obligation for the older sibling take care of the younger siblings in all situations which include meeting some of their financial needs, mentorship, seeing them transit from one level to another.The reputation of sibling relationship is influenced by factors such as age, sex, order of birth, number of siblings and treatment by parents. Researchers have shown that birth order has a lot to do with how siblings relate with each other. Being a firstborn is attached to a lot of expectations and responsibilities as opposed to other order of births. Firstborn have a lot of duties to fulfil as well as several points to prove not only to their parents but to the entire society. Birth order therefore has a strong influence on the personality and behavior of an individual throughout their entire lives. However other factors that influence character and behavior such as heredity, competency, and peer influence among others should also be considered in equal measure when analyzing behavior among

RA #8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RA 8 - Assignment ExampleWe can also derive desirable instincts by establishing a balance between emotions and intellect (Hayashi 9). The information about how emotions can enhance intuitive close-making can help me to improve my creative line solving skills. Indeed, balancing my emotions will allow me to use my creativity and professionalism in solving problems. Moreover, balancing my emotions will allow me to research and apply relevant intimacy in making decisions that defines creative problem solving.The ability to recognize similar universal patterns across disparate fields is another interesting topic that I encountered in the reading (Hayashi 8). Indeed, such abilities enhance professional judgments. Identifying universal patterns in decision-making is a r are trait that many executives lack or disregard. There are standards and patterns that define intuitive decision making in diverse fields. The ability to identify these universal patterns can enable individuals to make homogenous and suitable decisions deep down short time. The information about universal patterns of making decisions across different fields can help me to improve my creative problem solving skills since I will possess the unique ability to solve different problems in a standard, suitable, and faster manner. The information will help me to establish a decision making culture that will depict my creativity in addressing various

Evaluating Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluating Contracts - Essay Exampleract on the other hand is star whereby the government compensates the contractor for the total admissible costs that are incurred during the implementation of the contract. Such contracts are normally used for purposes of study as well as progression, especially with non-profit corporations. The contractor stands to gain nothing in this kind of contract (Shealey, 1938).Fixed set contracts have both advantages and disadvantages for the supplier. For the service provider, the contract means he or she is able to tell how much they are to be reimbursed for their services. The contractor does not have to be concerned about the changing elements or circumvent with the customer about the cost of materials. Elements as well as prices are set prior to the commencement of the job. Another benefit is that, while the contractor risks veneering costs that higher than anticipated, it also is not compulsory for it to miscue savings if the costs prove otherwis e. Dealing with such contracts enables the purveyor gain a lot of matter-of-fact experience with the sort of contracts that potential clientele e.g. the government would prefer. A disadvantage with these agreements is that a lot of the financial risk is placed on the service provider than the client. After the pact has been put in place with a steady permanent price, the client is under no obligation to cover or turn out higher costs.A cost reimbursement agreement has its perks and pitfalls as well. These contracts are time and again used when long term worth is of greater vitality than cost. As opposed to the fixed price contract, here, the service provider has very little reason to cut edges. The end cost could be less than the fixed price contract since the contractor is not gratified to inflate prices so as to cover hazards. Conversely, the contract does not provide sufficient certainty as to what the final exam cost will be. There is not as much of incentive as there is in th e other type of agreement. Additional management and relapse

Animal Senses Biology magnetoreception mechanism on Migratory Birds Essay

Animal Senses Biology magnetoreception mechanism on Migratory Birds - Essay ExampleBirds have dissimilar times of migration. Some birds migrate during the day bid swallows and crows, while some migrate at night such as warblers, cuckoos, wild fowls and woodpeckers, as salubrious as most songbirds (Engels 1). Stimuli such as internal body clocks or subtle weather changes cause these birds to migrate, and this ability can be explained by a phenomenon called magnetoreception, which is the ability of some organisms to detect the Earths magnetic field in perceiving direction, altitude or location (Solovyov 40). The Earths magnetic field can be detected through various mechanisms such as chemical, electrical and mechanical means, and any of these stimuli can be converted into a molecular signal same(p) a light-stimulated or photochemical reaction in the retina, which can then be recognized and perceived by magnetoceptive organisms like birds and insects (41). Hypotheses in the mechani sms of magnetoreception in birds There are various mechanisms hypothesized for magnetoreception to occur in birds, and one of these is the phenomenon involving a chemical compass where chemical reactions occur involving the transitions of electrons between lavishly and low energy configurations or spin states, influenced by the Earths magnetic field (Rodgers 353). ... The amount of products from this reaction and the length of the half-life time of the ascendent base pair would depend on the attitude of the detected magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field determines the amount of radical base products and their length of half-life, and their one-dimensional relationship can be used to determine the strength of the magnetic field (Ritz 135 Rodgers 353). Thus, the stronger the magnetic field, the radical base pair mechanism would be producing more molecules with unpaired electrons, which in turn keeps the bird in its intended direction. These reactions occur in the phot oreceptor region of the birds eye, helping the birds detect the strength of Earths magnetic field through radical base pair mechanism. The radical spinning is explained by hyperfine interactions, and these happen when there is a coupling between the magnetic moments of the unpaired electron and its atomic nucleus (Ritz 135). The interchanging conversions between the singlet state and the triplet state is a process whose frequency is determined by the strength of the hyperfine reactions. This system is not only influenced by the intensity but also by the direction of the field, which makes it act like a compass (136). The tendency of one component of hyperfine reaction to be strong towards one direction only determines the interchanging conversion rate of the S and T state. Thus the effects of the magnetic field would be depending on the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the alignment of the radical pairs. These are the mechanisms by which birds are able to travel at ni ght. Photoreceptor mechanisms in birds Birds have two types of light receptors in their eye night vision

Ergonomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ergonomics - Essay ExampleStandards written by ONeill (2011) detailed the specifications for buming conformance to include elements such as the chair to the used, the chair seat height, the seat width, seat pan depth, seat pan tilt, the seat pan-backrest angle, and lumbar support. The detailed specifications, based on ONeills (2011) discourse are as follows (1) chair shall support the users back and thighs and mustiness have a backrest that reclines (2) the chair seat height shall be adjustable according to the users need to as much as a range of 4.5 inches between 15 and 22 inches (ONeill, 2011, p. 3) (3) the seat width shall meet the specified width of at least 17.7 inches and (4) there shall be a support for the lumbar, as needed.The optic or eye standards should incorporate distance between the user and the monitor viewing. According to the Department of Energy (DOE) (2008), in the condition entitled Creating a Healthy Workstation Environment Workstation Ergonomics Made Easy , the optimum distance between the users eyes and the visual display by floozys in seating position is 600 mm (Department of Energy (DOE), 2008, p. 7). Likewise, it was noted that special computer glasses that would assist in preventing eye fatigue and pile problems for long hours of monitoring visual displays shall be considered.It has been emphasized that the effectiveness of performance on undertaking monitoring of visual displays is affected by lighting. In this situation, it was stipulated that the operator does the monitoring in a dark room. According to ergonomic standards, light requirements actually vary depending on the performance of tasks. Since the operator focuses on monitoring visual displays from the computer, which already self-illuminating, less light is actually needed but, it would help to provide focused task lighting (a separate lamp) (Department of Energy (DOE), 2008, p. 21) to assist in other tasks and prevent creating a totally dark

Communicative Technology - Short Messaging Service (SMS) Essay

Communicative Technology - Short Messaging Service (SMS) - Essay workoutThe user should have activated the service of sending text messages, this activation involves paying a cost to some mobile network whereas on well-nigh mobile phone networks the activation is free. However, each text message costs some amount per text message, though nowadays mobile service networks entreat packages that allow you to send a limited number of text messages for a cost in bulk. Lastly, the user who wants to send an SMS should know how to read and type a text message on the mobile phone and the model they have and should have a recipient to whom they want to send their texts to and they are good to go. (Illinois severalize University 2014).In 1984, a man named Friedhelm Hillebrand was experimenting with casual sentences and questions on his typewriter at his house in Germany. Whenever he wrote a question or a sentence he made a count of the alphabets, number and the spaces in between them. This l ed to an odd discovery, which further on became the idea behind the length of an SMS. He find that every judgment of conviction he counted, the total quantity of characters was less than one sixty characters. (Gayomali, C. 2012).It is said that the first ever text message sent in the world was Merry Christmas. It was sent by a man named Papworth. He was a computer designer at Sema Group Telecoms. Since the mobile phones at that time did not have the ability to type as there were no keyboards he used his computer to send the greeting to his buddy Richard Jarvis who was employed at Vodafone. (Erikson, C. 2012).In 1993 Nokia became the pioneer to launch the first ever mobile phone set which allowed the users to send text messages. However, there were limitations to the SMS service, firstly, it could only be typed through a numerical keypad by the multi-tap system and most importantly the SMS service was only limited to one network.

Critical thinking Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Critical beting - Case Study ExampleThe machinate is recorded as one of the shock and vexation that could only bring jubilation among the small bid team from the tiny Gulf state that had travelled to Switzerland.The success of the bid brought with it a mired of questions from the effectiveness counterparts who could not make it. First was the manner in which it could have succeeded with the vast representation of big countries in the committee. The capacity to host an event of such magnitude and their inexistence in the football arena was questionable. The country itself has very hash temperatures, which could not favor any tournament of this kind. It was evident that high profile and highly potent figures like The UEFA president Michel Platini had voiced their opposition to the notion. He said, You cannot possibly play football in Qatar. (YANKS ABROAD 2013) One of the executive committee members Mr. Franz Beckenbauer stated, One should think about a different solution.It was m ore evident that there were some hidden tactics behind the bid when a number of senior FIFA officials with the comprehension of Qatar head of the Asian Football Confederation, Mr. Mohammed bin Hammam were suspended as a result of questioning the legitimacy of Qatar wining the bid. There are also concerns raised on the countrys commitment to Sharia law, which does not support homosexuality and the questionable human rights records.The case has been viewed as a possible reaction from the looser of the bid that controls the huge numbers of football fans in the aim to water down the tournament and get a revote. This is possible because they have millions on internet users. The temperatures were viewed to be attainable through control but would cost the country billions of cash higher that the expenses used in the South African tournament. On the bribery case, FIFA president exclaimed, we are anxiously

Historical Overview of Reentry for Exoffenders Research Paper

Historical Overview of Reentry for Exoffenders - Research Paper ExampleLikewise, it cannot be viewed as an option, scarcely it ultimately reflects the iron law of imprisonment They all come back (Mays & Winfree, 2009).With the ever increasing number of prisoners in the U.S. Jails, and with about 600,000 prisoners leaving prison each year at an average of around 1,600 ex-convicts per day, the United States Department of Justice launched the first Reentry Partnership Initiative in 1999 (Mays & Winfree, 2009). The Reentry programming launched was structured around the principles point confederacy prosecution and oriented policing. It works on building on criminological research, which has proven that informal social controls like peer groups, family and other community social factors will ultimately have a to a greater extent direct influence on an ex-convicts behavior later on their release from prison as compared to the more formal social controls such as the use of probation and parole supervision (Carison, & Carrett, 2007). Reentry programming also tries to create and develop close ties and partnerships between the existing woeful justice agencies and the community groups. Finally, it is committed to implementing only the best practices that seem to work based on the empirical research conducted.A prisoners reentry is largely not classified as a single event but as a process comprising of a series of several events that are propagate out across a given timeline and are often interrelated and all geared towards the culmination of the release of an individual prisoner from prison into the big free community (Mays & Winfree, 2009). The prisoner reentry process is supposed to begin immediately a prisoner is convicted and starts serving a confinement sentence at a prison facility. The process can be subdivided into several subsequent stages. An ideal Prisoner reentry model should include four stages These are prison-based rehabilitation, transitional servi ces, community after

Person Who Made an Impact in My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Person Who Made an Impact in My Life - Essay ExampleHe had withal lived a moral life, that his integrity is beyond reproach. He is also a very good family man. He has a wife who loves him and whom he loves back, with children who equally loves and respects him and are also motivated to excel in their chosen field of endeavors. This is the reason why I kept on pushing myself to do better in school and to study different fields of endeavor because I accredit that to do good in my chosen career, I have to urinate myself well through a good and multi-disciplined education. As a student, my uncle was a scholar and had different degrees. His academic preparation enabled him to excel in his chosen career. I am doing the same thing today. I am trying my best to do well in school and to expose myself in the different field of studies to make myself a well-rounded professional when I have graduated later and embarked on a professional career. I consider myself lucky because I realize this l esson early in my life. I know that all this hard work, all this perseverance that I am exerting allow for pay off when I graduated in school because this will prepare me well to excel in my chosen field of endeavor. I am hoping that when I have already graduated in school, I will be successful like him both in my professional and personal life. Essay B The Recent Financial Crisis ( put under of importance to me) When I ask what recent issue I consider important that has significance to me, my family and the community at large, I cannot help but talk about the recent financial crisis. The crisis made the lives of a lot of people difficult. There were people I know personally who lost their jobs and their homes, and young as I am, I felt how desperate the location was. Perhaps the recent financial difficulty that everybody experienced during the recent crisis made the young people in this generation to mature early. We began to worry about our early and this country when we only u sed to think about ourselves. Suddenly, we were thinking about political issues and responsibilities because we saw how some families disintegrate with the crisis and cannot help to wonder how the crisis happened. People of my period became aware and realized how vulnerable our country to crisis. When we begin to think like that, perhaps it is safe to surmise that we matured early. Personally, the recent financial crisis sparked my curiosity to communicate about what caused the crisis that made people lost their jobs and their homes. I was dismayed to know that the root cause of the financial crisis was the greed of a few people that in the end took the toll in our economy. I will no longer discuss the details of the root cause of the crisis so as not to consume berth in this paper but suffice to say that had the financial professionals been ethical in their practice and considered beyond themselves, the crisis would not have happened. In a way, my doubt on what caused the rece nt financial crisis had taught me how important it is to be ethical in our professional practice because a professions collective misdemeanor will have an impact not only in their respective industry but also on the economy as a whole. I knowing that the lack of ethics in ones professional practice will make people distrustful not only in our industry but also in our economic system as a whole.

Corporate social responsibility british airports plc Essay

Corporate social responsibility british airports plc - Essay ExampleSeeing the potential of the project BAPLC share holders undertake long term benefits and have also accepted that the approach for development should meet the need for corporate social responsibility. (CSR). Over the years the concept of CSR has have from that of philanthropy to greater involvement of corporate in communities and now is considered as a corporate-community partnership for sustained growth and development. This has also been institutionalised internationally by the Global Compact and in the European Union through the White Paper on CSR. CSR has thus emerged as a universally accepted norm of social responsibility for corporate. It has a number of components which are discussed in succeeding paragraphs.Universalisation of the principles of CSR and corporate governance crystallized during the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, when the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan asked business le aders to join the international initiative led by the UN known as the Global Compact. This was slated to bring together the companies, UN agencies, labor and well-behaved society to championship universal principles with reference to environmental and social issues. Formal launching of the Global Compact took place in New York on 26 July 2000. ... These principles are as given below-(a) Businesses should make and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights within their sphere of influence (b) Business should influence sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses. (c) Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining(d) Businesses should uphold the expulsion of all forms of forced and compulsory labour(e) Businesses should uphold the effective abolition of child labour.(f) Businesses should uphold the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.(g) Business es should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges.(h) Businesses should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility(i) Businesses should encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies(j) Businesses should piddle against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. (Unglobal 2006)The underlying principle of corporate governance related CSR is that the companies should undertake additional social responsibilities voluntarily which go beyond the restrictive frame work for good conduct of business and relate to the issues of social development, environmental protection, respect for fundamental rights of employees as well as the local cosmos and adopt a policy of open governance. Thus society is an important stake holder in the company. This approach provides a unique opportunity for communication and management of change particularly in the present setting where BAPLC is establishing a new project in an area where local resistance is anticipated. The concept has support

Eating Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eating Disorder - Essay ExampleThe second, as Bernard Shaw said, Your food is your grave. I am 23 years old and I have realized that sickness sells at premium and health is at discount. I have seen some of my friends suffer from eating complaints and bouts of depression. They neglect their studies, physically and mentally abuse themselves. I am convinced by observing the real-life examples of my friends that modern education system is one of the important agents to cause eating ailments amongst the combustible junior generation. Eat junk food and other types of fast foods at the wrong time. Eat without time consideration, whether you argon hungry or not. On the other extreme, do not eat at all and starve with the sole idea to turn slim. Treat this as an invitation to the eating disorder. The youngsters and jejune girls have lost the scent out of discipline in food intake and have no diet-discipline. The influence of materialistic civilization on the youth is tremendous. The eati ng disorder impacts their personality and once into it, they will have a tough time to recoup the original health and become normal selves again. Newspaper, television and glamorous advertisements convey the wrong means to the adolescent girls that their bodies argon imperfect and perfection can be attained with the help of fasting, diet and cosmetics. They render immense disservice to the culture of America with folie in the normal life of girls. Surgery and diet control measures are offered at fabulous prices with promise of reducing weight in short periods. Girls are lured into it, accept it without being aware of the side effects and suffer in the long run. These are some of the important causes for eating disorder, according to me. Eating disorder can be challenged and overcome. If you are a student, listen to the real life experience of the seniors, read literature that gives positive direction to conquer eating disorder and give your body the food it needs, neither less or more. Make a timetable, calorie-wise schedule of the food items that you are going to take and stick to it. My pistillate cousin who stays in the same community at a distance of about a mile from my house has gone through this ordeal of eating disorder. Both families have close interaction, and we all meet quite often in social/family functions. The problem with the combustible younger generation, especially the adolescent girls, is that they are not willing to listen to the first-hand experiences of others. When she began to lose weight, I enquired of her what the issue was. Slimming was her only goal then and she was not inclined to adopt some florid rules of healthy lifestyle. I counseled for hours against her voluntary efforts to destroy her health, but she said that she enjoyed suffering but wished to get slimmer. This is the story of my stubborn cousin. She is an ardent devotee of the cult of meagerness that has influenced the turbulent mindset of the young girls. I say t urbulent, because even a marginal increase in the body weight increases their tension. She is younger of the ii daughters and they are a happy family. Somebody in the party told her, You have put on weight, and that is the beginning of her journey of worry I went on a billhook to another city, and though I remained in contact with her over the phone, for a personal interaction with her I had to wait for about two years. When I returned backrest to the city, she expressed her eagerness to meet me urgently and she had a wealth of information to share with me about her sufferings for the last two years. I am feeling practically better now, she said with a sigh. Here is her part of the story On listening to that one pound increase remark in the party two years ago, I really panicked. I came home and checked my weight, and the increase

Womens college basketball, Rice Vs Tulan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Womens college basketball, Rice Vs Tulan - Essay ExampleConsidering the fact that this game was the first unmatched to be endure broadcasted on cable TV, the organizers of the match tried their best to provide everything needed to ensure the safety and comfort of the viewers. The playground was decorated like the playgrounds for professional teams, thither were lots of people who watched over to pr resultant role any misunderstanding among the spectators. And, of course, no alcoholic drinks were allowed.Live broadcasting of this event will inevitably have cocksure impact on the overall wellness of the university clean budget, as it can possibly attract sponsors, and head hunters who look for potential professional players in the college teams. College authorities will get the resources needed to improve the sporting base, and motivate players and trainers for more than effective work.As Ive already noted, the college administration have spent lots of bills for preparing the pl ayground to this game. Nevertheless, they hope that their expenditures will be covered by the profits from advertising during the match. And, what is true, there were quite a lot of companies who agreed to pay Tulan for putting their advertisements on the playground. Live broadcasting have automatically transformed this match into an almost national event, as people all over the country could attend to it live. On the example of this game we can see the process of sports commercialization. College sport nowadays is a pre-school for many professional sportsman, but it is inevitably drives less financial aid than the professional sporting events. Nevertheless with each passing year the expenditures on college sports became grater, and more attention is driven to the contests between college basketball, baseball, swimming, and even soccer teams.In the content described there is the additional factor that increases the chances for popularity - players atomic number 18 female. Its w ell known, that despite the Title IX and all other measures, for many people womens sport is more of aesthetical value than of sporting one. This is the reason for which the Tulan basketball team may help its university increase the sporting budget, and become more popular. The girls from the Tulane College won. They were happy, no less than the NBL players after(prenominal) winning the last match in the season. I wish them luck, and I will watch their progress in future.2. Wycombe v Chelsea, 10/01/07 This was the sporting event I watched on TV, an important soccer match for the Carling Cup semi-final in Britain. Soccer is very popular in the United Kingdom, and, despite of the fact, that this tournament wasnt the one of national importance, there were lots of viewers who gathered to watch it on the tribunes, and lots of people in different countries watched it broadcasted.Like most of the important sporting events, this match attracted the attention of numerous sponsors. There wer e lots of advertisements on the playround, before tha match, durng, and after it. The companies, who are interested in advertising their products to the specific audience (and those are mostly men, who are soccer-lovers) are ready to part

The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay Example for Free

The level of an Hour by Kate Chopin EssayIn The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, the author tells a short story of harsh irony and a wifes realization of a peeled life after her husbands death. Chopin introduces the main character, Louise Mallard, as a married womanhood with a weak heart and a pairing that is complicated and restrictive. In the beginning of the story Louise hears the news of her husbands death in a train accident. She is agitated and filled with grief, so she goes up to her room where she sits in her comfortable armchair and thinks about how her life will change now that her husband is gone. She realizes that his death is the birth of her new found freedom. She can look forward to tomorrow and not feel imposed by his will in her activities. Yet Mrs. Mallards freedom is quickly accustomed as Mr. Mallard comes through the door. At his sight Louise succumbs to her weak heart. When the doctors came they said she died of heart disease-of the joy that kills. How ever the reader knows that her death is due to shattered dreams of freedom. afterwards the initial onslaught of grief Mrs. Mallard goes to her room. As Louise sits in the armchair staring blankly out of the open window, the narrator observes that, There were patches of blue sky cover here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window. Already, the reader recognizes the blue sky as a sign of desire emerging from a heavy gloominess. Soon the readers suspicions are confirmed as Louise sits in her armchair chanting, Free, free, free. However there were several conflicts in her life that brought her to this point. Louise felt her marriage was restrictive and at times lacking love. She was reminiscing on how difficult it was to love her husband and how demanding their marriage was. As she stares out the window she sees the positive in the detrimental situation. She, along with nature, has experienced new life and has been rejuvenated by the resound season.Concerning symbols, Chopin uses several throughout the story to create a feeling of comfort within the readers mind. Firstly, the armchair in the story in which Mrs. Mallard sits after hearing about her husbands death is described as comfortable and roomy. The chairs location is alsoimportant. It is facing an open window, and this symbolizes organism open to change. The fact that it is open shows that it is somewhat warm outside, suggesting life rather than the cold of winter, symbolizing death.The adjectives comfortable, roomy and sank symbolize a feeling of being embraced by the chair, a feeling of love and warmth. Secondly, through the open window Louise sees many other symbols, furthering the feeling of goodness in the reader. She sees the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life symbolizing a new life to come. The setting of a delicious breath of rain in the air refers to the calmness after a storm when the sun comes back out. The auth or is using this to refer to the death of Louises husband and the joyous life she will lead now that she is free of him.The Story of an Hour is both a liberating story as well as a tragic one. The author cleverly uses symbols to describe her opinion about womens rights, as well as what sixty minuets can do to a persons life. Overall though, the author does an amazing job of bringing the reader into the mind of the protagonist.

Sub-band coding Essay Example for Free

Sub-band coding EssayAbstract Sub-band coding refers to the process of subdividing audio and speech signals into a number of relative frequency bands before distributively of these bands is digitally encoded on its own. As lower frequency bands contain more speech or audio energy than higher frequency bands, they require more geeks in order to be encoded. Sub-band coding is useful for this purpose. This paper will further explain the usefulness of sub-band coding and describe each step involved in this method. Introduction Analog signals include video, radar, audio and speech signals. These signals must be converted into digital form so as to be digitally processed.The digital form of an analog signal is a number sequence with finite precision. The A/D converter is the name presumption the process of conversion (Proakis Manolakis, 2007). This process is subdivided into the sideline processes take in, quantizing and coding. Sampling entails the conversion of continuous tim e signals into trenchant time signals with the use of samples of continuous time signals at a known frequency. Quantization involves changes to continuous time values of the discrete time signals so as to convert them into discrete time values. The process of coding march ons binary star numbers to quantized signals depending on their values.There ar various ways of converting analog signals into digital form for both storage and transmission. Sub-band coding happens to be an economic method for this conversion, especially with medium bit rates (Pirani Zingarelli, 1984, 645). As the rate of sampling alters with time, either with an increase or decrease, the efficiency of the conversion process butt end be enhanced by minimizing the energy of transmitting or sending signals, depending, of course, on their sample rates, so that a greater amount of energy is do available for high sampling rates.It is also possible to compress data in order to reduce the amount of energy require d for the process of transmission. This should be achieved without impairing the quality of the signal that is decoded (Crochiere, 1981, 1633). Sub-band coding is an effective technique for data compression. With the Matlab program, sub-band coding can be developed before it is implemented in the C7613. Here, the coder of sub-bands uses sampled signals as inputs. Depending on the energy of different signals, the various subs of the sub-band coder are assigned different numbers of bits.Thus, sub-band coding is expected to provide output signals that are exchangeable to input signals. (See Sub-band coder in Figure 1, resulting in differing accuracies for output signals. Accuracies are dependent on the different values of bits used in the quantizers. It is preferable to give a greater number of bits for higher energy subs of the signal). Sub-band coding Sub-band coding involves the sub-band coder and sub-band encoded. There are different subs in the sub-band coder responsible for fil tering the input sample with both filters, H1 and H2, in addition to down sampling.Sub-band encoded, on the other hand, entails quantizing, upsampling and filtering with K1 and K2 before the bands are summed for the final signal. (See Figure 1). As shown in this figure, if the rate of sampling the signal is Fs sample per second, the frequencies of each of the subdivisions of the sub-band coder can be computed. The signal spectrum is split into two equal-width parts by the first frequency subdivision a lowpass signal (0FFs/4) and a highpass signal (Fs/4FFs/2). Sub-band coderThe signals in both lowpass and highpass frequency bands require interpolation and summation. The filtering step serves to do away with signal noise, which may be lower or higher in frequency than the required signal. Filtering further serves to reduce the rates of sub-band sampling in order to minimize overall bit rates for encoding of signals. Hence, a superior performance in sub-band coding can be achieved by d eveloping an accurate filter design (Crochiere, 1633). Filters that are idle, for example, the Brick wall filters as shown in Figure 2, are suitable for this purpose.However, such filters are not available outside of theory. Aliasing must be avoided this is achieved by the decimation of sub-band signals. As actual filters have overlaps, it is best to resolve the problem of aliasing with the use of quadrature mirror filters. These filters have frequency response characteristics as shown in Figure 3 (Proakis Manolakis). The following equation shows perfect reconstruction . From this equation we chose . Next, the filtered signal is down sampled with the process of down sampling.This process involves the deletion of every second sample. If there are troika samples, for instance, the second sample would have to be deleted. This deletion reduces the number of samples to be quantized. Using the quantizer, the down sampled signal is quantized following deletion. Through quantization, we a dd quantization noise to bits being sampled. Thus, every set of two samples is averaged in order to approximate continuous time input signals on each of the bands by discrete numbers of samples (Veldhuis, Breeuwer, Van Der Wall, 1989).

A Rose for Emily Essay Example for Free

A Rose for Emily EssayDecay is put in in numerous parts of A Rose for Emily. The image pattern flora its way from Emilys mind to the inside of her lambr, Homer Barrons, resting chamber. In A Rose for Emily you find five major elements of dilapidate. The first element of decay that is found in A Rose for Emily is the decaying of Emilys mental state. Emily may have felt trapped because her father wouldnt allow any male suitors to determine her, so when her father died she likely felt she should trap his body and not bury it as revenge because he wasted her youthful potential for love and an independent life. Emilys denial of her fathers end expands the theme of death because she traps herself home unwilling to allow the change of death to affect her lifestyle. other element of decay that is found in A Rose for Emily is after the death of her father Emily allows the house to decay and become an eyesore, as the towns peck described it. Not unaccompanied did the school look d ecrepit in a town that was embracing modernization but it also reeked of death and decay as well. Emily didnt accept the theme of change because she seemed to live comfortably in the decay.She also wouldnt accept the towns peoples wants to modernize how the town looked by putting numbers above her door. Since Emily was living in a standstill in the period in which she grew up in, she never changed the interior of her house so she left all the furniture that was at one time very sophisticated go to waste and decay (Teen Ink). After her father and lovers death, Emily let the decay continue to take its toll on her life by allowing her physical condition to decay. Emily at one time was one of the most sought after women with her slender body, angelic features, and her white attire.When she let the decay take over her personal hygienics and physical appearance she had traded in all those great looks for a heavy set figure, her dark eyes, and her grim black attire. When Emily let her phys ical appearance go she also enhanced the theme of decay and how time changes the body. Not only does the element of decay take over Emilys mind, house, and body, it also deteriorates her social stand in the town. Towns people once viewed her as a promising woman who would surely succeed in the future.Now she was thought of as a crazy suicidal woman (Teen Ink). In her reality Emily remains proud and doesnt recognize the fact that she has fallen from the aristocratic social position that she once was in before the death of her father. This element of decay helps expand the theme into a fall from a notable social standing or rank of power. The last and major climatic element of decay was after Emilys funeral the towns people opened the abandoned room in the middle of the house and found the remnants of her lover in bed.She had clearly been lying beside Homer Barrons corpse for thirty years due to the evidence of the spacious strand of iron gray hair found on the pillow beside his (F aulkner). The decay isnt just upon poor Homer Barron but is also storied on everything in the room. The towns people see the effects of decay in the rose colored room with dust blanketing everything and the tarnishing of the monograms on the silver toiletries placed in the room that appeared to be suited for a bridal suite as if it were an eerie dream.This element of decay enhanced the theme of Emilys sad tragic life. There is also a surprising twist in this piffling story that would make any reader curious. The Negro servant, Tobe is the only one to escape the house of decay unscathed. As quoted by Faulkner, He walked through the house and out the back and was not seen again. After being trapped into servitude to Emilys family for the majority of his life, he escapes the house of decay and goes on to live his life free of Emily and all her secrets.All the present elements of decay in A Rose for Emily show that the theme isnt simply limited to that of change or death but it is v ery broad and can be interpreted and perceived in many ways according to the readers thoughts and views. Faulkner plays the element of sweet, sickening decay in every aspect of this short story to enhance each theme. Emily Griersons comfort in decay grew when her father passed and ultimately lead to the expiry of her home, her mind, her body, as well as the demise of her lover Homer Barron.

Key Differences Between Nature And Nurture Theories Psychology Essay

Key Differences Between reputation And Nurture Theories Psychology Essay evolutional psychology refers to the human being victimization of cognitive abilities and social relationships across a lifetime (Colman, 2006). Understanding development has its importance as it provides insight into human behaviour. oer the years, a vast number of developmental theories that have aimed to offer insight into this matter have been put forward. The debate as to whether development is driven by nature (evolutionary processes) or nurture ( environsal factors) or a combination of both fundamentally divides theories in the field and beyond (Maltby, Day Macaskill, 2007). The aim of this essay is to localise and explore the distinctions between nature and nurture theories. Some examples of developmental theories, such as the Maturation Theory, Learning Theory, Nativist theory, and Cognitive theory leave behind wherefore be discussed to illustrate these differences. Although the main topic of th is essay is that of showing the distinction between nature and nurture theories, some scientists suggest that in parade to escort human development it is important to look at how nature and nurture interconnect not so much to stress the differences between the two (Lerner, 2002). accordingly the interconnections of nature and nurture testament be in any case briefly discussed.Naturists believe that the knowledge humans have about the piece is innate. Therefore human development is largely determined by heredity. Conversely, nurturists believe that is the environment which shapes and influences human behaviour. Some early nurturists, such as John Locke have put forward the perfect belief that humans come into this world as blank slates which will later be filled with knowledge acquired by learn and experience (Gross).Nature and nurture represent two radical points of view within the theories of development as if only one or the other would have all the answers as to account about how and why human development happen as it does. These radical views were easy identifiable in the early theories of development such as Gesells Maturation Theory (MT) and Watsons Learning Theory (LT) (Gross)Gesell (1925) believes that maturation is driven by inner, biological factors and that the childs development happens in st sequences. Conversely, Watson (1925) believed that it is the environment that shapes the human development (Daly, 2004). Watson suggested that the child comes into the world as a blank slate ready to be mould by the experiences he/she will have in the outside world. Ultimately, the environment will determine the direction of human development. For Watson (1925) the developmental process of behaviour is continuous as oppose to gradual as Gessell (1925) proposed (Shaffer). In addition, Watson argued that the nurturist approach is more viable as his findings were obtained by overt observation of human behaviour as opposed to inner, biological forces as described by Gessell which cannot be observed. (Watson).In suppose to show just how easy children can learn fear and other emotions, Watson has run an experiment with a 9 month old baby called Albert. When Albert was firstly presented with a white rat he played with the rat and showed no fear. After two months, Watson repeated the experiment only that this time a reverberate was introduced every time baby Albert reached for the rat. Baby Albert learned very quickly to associate fear with the presence of rat. Watsons conclusions were that conditioned emotional responses are learned and they persist. As a result this is what modifies and influences the changes in human development time and time again (Watson). On the other hand Gesell looked at childrens psychomotor development (e.g., grasping) and locomotion (e.g. crawling) and draw the conclusion that these abilities are dictated by the genetic material with which the child is born. These abilities develop naturally determined b y an innate timetable, providing that the child is wellspring-preserved and normal. (Gross) Therefore human development is dictated solely by heredity (Daly). These examples are relevant to the essay question as they underline very well the extreme differences between nature and nurture theories.Another way in which the distinction between nature and nurture theories can be observed is to gestate about language acquisition. Chomsky put forward the Naturist theory (NT) and suggested that humans are born with an inbuilt language devise. Skinner, on the other hand considers that human learn language as they do with any other behavior. Skinner has put forward to kinds of conditioning classical and operant. In the classical conditioning he suggests that the child learns by association. For instance, if the word coffee is followed by chocolate tasting, the child will soon learn that every time he hears the word chocolate will salivate because he/she associates the word with the sweet taste of chocolate. In the operant conditioning children learn by reinforcement (punishment or reward). Therefore learning language is all about nurture (environment, experience). Chomsky thinks that language is used creatively and that the LAD is activated by the environment at a certain age otherwise it will not happen. For example, Jeanine a 13 year old who was kept in isolation by her father was not exposed to language. She was neer able to use language properly again. This backs up Chomsky hypothesis that language is innate and if it is not learned by a certain age it will never be acquired. These theories are yet another example of how different the views of naturist are in comparison with nurturists.However, all these theories that have been discussed so outlying(prenominal) in order to underline the distinction between nature and nurture fail in one way or another to construct the complete picture of how human development happens. Maybe a better insight into human develop ment will be therefore obtained by looking at the interconnection of nature and nurture as Piaget explained when he put forward his Cognitive Theory. Piaget saw develeopemnt in a different manner. He believed that humans are born with biological ability of adapting to environament. In other words, humans are coming into this world genetically predisposed to develop and acquire knowledge and inteligence. Piaget idea was developed around two major concepts assimilation and accomodation. Assimilation refers to the fact the humans have the cappacity to assimiltate new information and integrate it into already established structures. HE named these already exisiting structures schemata or the mental structure. Accomodation refers to the change which takes place in the mental structure that already exisit in order to make space for new launching knowledge. Intelligence is highly dependent upon the interconnection bewteeen assimilation and association. Piaget also believed that developmen t happens in stages and that younger children think different then older children and adults. He set 4 stages sensori motor, pre-operational, concrete operational , formal operational. Piaget through his cognitive theory identified the importance of understanding that human development cannot be sexplaiend entierly just by taking into account the only the nature factor or only the nurture factorolely. The genetic material with which humans come into the world needs and environment in order to develop and grow and also the environment cannot influence a entirely a blank slate.To summaries, as shown an enormous amount of wreak has gone into studies set out to investigate the human development. Moreover, these theories have looked at how humans develop their personality, intelligence, how they interact with family and peers and how that affects their development and what forces drives this development. Although plenty of evidence has been presented in order to support either side in this nature versus nurture debate it seems almost illogical to try and think that human development can be either influenced only by nature or nurture. The most logical evidence so far has been provided by those scientists who have suggested that there is the interconnection of nature and nurture which drives development, shapes human personality and behaviour and makes humans who they are. Piaget maybe one of the most active researcher in this field has shown that human behaviour cannot be understood by only taking into account just the nature aspect or just the nurture aspect. Nature and nurture interconnect, human development cannot happen without one or the other. The genetic material with which humans come into the world needs and environment in order develop and grow and also the environment cannot shape entirely a blank slate. A better insight into human development can be obtained if scientists focus more on the interconnection between nature and nurture rather than looking at the differences between the two.

Benefits of Medical Waste Management Methods

Benefits of medical exam Waste Management MethodsABSTRACTMedical decompose cargon is a critical conundrum around Africa continent. The problem is observed in Tanzania in all levels of wellness facilities. Medical redundancy is matchless of the major wellness preventative and environmental problem. This is a issuing of lack of awargonness on among generators and parcel outrs of checkup examination bumble. This calls for an urgent attention to understand the extent and magnitude of the problem and to develop strategies to decent manage aesculapian burn out generated. Various measures have been taken in Tanzania including construction of 13 pilot small scale incinerators at various split of the country, yet the problem is still persisting. Unfortunately, the readyiveness of aesculapian checkup turn back attention methods is not clearly known and practiced in m either health facilities. Therefore, this call for was carried out to examine the effectiveness of che ckup exam bumble oversight. data were collected through interviews using structured, observation and abstraction of documentation. Solid health check nullifys were collected in plastics bags and measure three periods a solar day from each occupied bed. The collected waster was measured using a common household counterweight with a precision of a dickens decimal places .A total of 64 respondents were interviewed using questionnaire. The result indicated that number generation rate of aesculapian checkup waste was 0.01kg/ individual/day in dispensaries, 0.02kg/person/day in urban health centres to 0.5 kg/bed/day in Hospitals. Inadequate cater, insufficient and inefficiency of tools led to brusk focal point of aesculapian waste. Poor segregation and chroma coding of storage instruments was observed at gloomy level of healthcare centres, lack of medical waste treatment pit and sub modular incinerators which produce obnoxious gases affecting the community. In view of th e findings, medical management is not given sufficient introductoryity. However, health workers are familiar on the consequences of medical waste. Its recommended that strategies for management of medical waste be established to include provision of facilities, infrastructes, staffing and funding to reduce environmental and medical problems associated.Keywords medical waste, waste management, health facilities, storage instrumentsBACKGROUNDMedical waste management (MWM) is a mankind health and environmental problem that attract attention in both developed and developing countries (Askarian et. al., 2004). Medical waste are generated in a wide variety of sources, starting from the hospital (a primary feather target), human and sentient being clinics, health centers, intermediate facilities, physician offices, research institute (animal and human health), and homes (especially diabetic homes) (USEPA, 1986).Medical wastes include several(prenominal) different waste streams, both( prenominal) of which require much care and disposal (Manyele, 2008).They contains different items making it a special type of mixed waste. Medical wastes include all infectious waste, unfounded (including low-level radioactive) wastes, and any some other wastes that are generated from all types of health care institutions, including hospitals, clinics, doctor (including dental and veterinary) offices, and medical laboratories. Longe and Williams (2006) referred to medical waste as the municipal solid waste of odd characteristics which need to be sorted properly during handling. Medical waste may withal contain soiled or blood soaked bandages, culture dishes and other glassware, discarded surgical gloves and surgical instruments, needles apply to give shots or draw blood, cultures, stocks and swabs used to inoculate cultures. These are the most common trash/litter in medical waste and well known to the health-care staff. Waste from operation theaters contain removed body organ s like tonsils, appendices, limbs etc which renders the medical waste scary, and nuisance. Medical waste besides contains lancets that are little blades which are used to prick finger to get a drop of blood. During immunization campaigns medical waste contains leftovers of empty boxes, like wool and bandages. Thus, if the waste is not segregated properly at the point of generation it will be a mixture of all these garbage non contradict kitchen waste, office waste and other wastes which do not arise as a result of patients being attended (Lloyds, 2003).Inadequate and inappropriate handling of medical wastes has serious public health consequences and impact on the environment. It has been medically proved that unprotected exposure to healthcare waste much(prenominal) as used syringes, needles and like can cause health hazards, and, indeed, is a source of transmission of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and other diseases. Proper management of medical wa ste is crucial to minimize health risks. Medical waste requires specialized treatment and management from its source to final disposal destination. Simply disposing of it into dustbins, drains, and canals or toss it to the outskirts of human settlement poses a serious public health and environmental hazards. Thus, there is a need to initiate a concentrated effort to reform the medical waste management to reduce the negative impact of waste on environment, public health and arctic at health care facilities (Griffin, 1989).The marrow of medical waste generated differs harmonize to the level of health facilities, bed capacity, occupancy rate, and socio-economic status of the society. According to Christen (1996), the average quantities estimated from a survey conducted in several health care facilities in Dar es Salaam hospital generated an average of 0.06kg/patient/day and 0.08kg/patient/day, respectively non hazardous and hazardous waste term for both health centers and dispensa ries waste generated 0.01kg/patient/day. Mato and Kassenga (1997) estimated that waste generation rate in Tanzania was 0.84 kg/bed/day. In a survey conducted nationwide in Tanzania indicates that the increase in medical waste generated due to increase in population, poor management of MWM systems and expanded use of disposable (Manyele and Anicetus, 2006),Developing comprehensive waste management practices in health facilities in developing world is a challenging problem. For example, Leonard (2003) and Manyele, (2003) noted that in Africa the problem appears to be more critical as reports indicate poor medical waste management. It is a challenge because of little information on the number of bed, hospitals, health centers, dispensaries and other facilities and the type of waste generated. It should be noted that there is no single management method that can solve all medical waste problems rather, each medical waste management problem must be assessed independently to develop a via ble and sound solution. However, the responsibility for the effective disposal of the wastes generated by the various health facilities lies on the facility generating the waste.Medical waste management requires monitoring and control at all levels of production in order to minimize effects to the community (Van, 1988). nearly of the non-infectious medical wastes are land filled, opus infectious wastes from hospitals are incinerated. The degree of risks posed by medical wastes is not known. Proper handling, treatment, and disposal of these wastes are believed to result in minimal health and environmental risks.In Tanzania medical waste management (MWM) is poor and awareness on its related consequences is lacking among generators and handlers (Manyele, 2003, Manyele and Anicetus, 2006). However, in late(a) years Tanzania government has made efforts to manage medical wastes from its generation to final disposal or treatment by training health workers, increasing cash for procuremen t of tools and improvement of infrastructure (Manyele, 2004). Despite the efforts made by the government to minimize the dangers of medical waste, the problem is persisting in most areas. This study examined MWM practices in health facilities find in Sumbawanga municipal Council and provides recommendations that can be adopted in other health facilities. The study assessed the type and quantity of waste generated and examined executing of MWM. It also determined effectiveness of MWM practices in collection, storage, transportation and disposal. In addition it examined the role of friendship of health workers on management of medical waste.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study was conducted in Sumbawanga Municipal Council in South West Tanzania which is located between latitude 0745 and 0831 S and longitude 3029 and 3149E. The Municipality lies on Ufipa plateau with the average altitude of 1700m above mean sea level. Sumbawanga Municipality enjoys a dry sub humid climate for a greater p art of the year. The utmost temperature is 27C and the minimum is 16C, during month of July. The rainfall ranges from 900-1000mm per annum (MD, 2008). Health facilities are possess by different institutions which include government, voluntary agencies and mystical. According to MMOH (2008) Sumbawanga Municipal Health services were provided through two hospitals (one owned by government and the other by voluntary agency), two urban health centre (one owned by government and other by voluntary agency) and 28 dispensaries (18 owned by Government, two by voluntary agency and eight owned by private entities).Ballot sampling technique was used to select 10 out of 32 health facilities (one hospital, one health centre and eight dispensaries) located in different parts of the Municipal for this study. Respondent were selected by using probability sampling ground on Yamane formula (1967) given asWhere no = sample sizez = confidence interval =2 correspond to 95% level of confidencep = popu lation proportionN = creation size and,e = precision or error limitGiven a total population of 517 health workers, the study used 50% proportion (p = 0.5) and error limit of 11%, the minimum acceptable sample size was 64 health workers. A systematic random sampling procedure was used to select respondents from a sampling frame based on the distribution of sample size. The sample size of respondents was 32, 10, and 22 out of 263, 78 and 176 from hospitals, health centres and dispensaries, respectively. essential data were collected from the field survey by using structured questionnaire of 37 questions. On the knowledge on medical waste management two question were set up to test the knowledge of health worker and the answer were given score of which if response is between 5 10, 2 -4 and 1 is ranked loftyly, moderate and low knowledgeable, respectively. Other method used in data collected is participatory observations . Abstraction and summarization of documents were used for col lection of subaltern data on medical waste management especially on the capacity of staff on handling waste. Interviews were used to collect data on the efficiency of medical waste management, tools for collection, storage, transportation and treatment, to determine effectiveness of medical waste management practices and to examine knowledge of health workers towards sorting, collection, storage and treatment of medical waste. Observation method was used to assess tools acquirable, their efficiency and effectiveness for medical waste management and attitude and practice towards sorting, collection, storage, and treatment of medical waste. Information self-collected was analysed using SPSS programme.The solid Medical Waste were collected from occupied beds three epoch in a day (0830, 1330, 1830), at each ward, right prior to their collection and disposal by attendant. A common household balance with a precision of two decimal places was used to weigh wastes. The medical waste pro duced from each bed was weighed as disposed of in plastic bags. The measurements were carried in a period of 30 days and varied depending on the number of the beds occupied, consequently average were used in the analysis.Descriptive analysis was carried out for the data collected using SPSS vers.11.6 where frequencies were used to present the results. ANOVA was carried out to test conditional relation of parameters on knowledge versus altitude and altitude of health workers on waste management practices.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCharacteristics of RespondentsCharacteristics of the respondents were analyzed based on age, precept and working experience. Data in table 1 shows that majority of the staff (42.2%) were aged between 31 40 years. These results imply that most of respondents were at the middle age. The results show that 42.2 % of respondents had primary school education, 35.9% had secondary school education. The holders of diploma and advanced diploma or above were 15.6% and 6 .3%, respectively. The high proportion of respondents with primary school education could have an effect towards management of medical waste. It was further revealed that around 40% of the staff had an experience of over 10 years. Working experience could bring good performance in management of medical waste patch low experience could results into poor performance. showcase and volume of medical waste generatedThe type of medical waste generated differs according to the level of health facility, characteristics of people and level of income. In Sumbawanga Municipality the type of medical waste generated for hospital included needles and prickers, syringes, plastic materials, bottle and ampoules, paper material, cotton wool, gauze, digest deli truly waste (placenta and the associate), specimen from laboratory, amputated organs/parts from theatre and garbage from admission ward. Those from urban health centre and dispensary included all wastes mentioned earlier excluding plastics, extend delivery waste, amputated organs and garbage.The results in send back 2 show that the amount of waste generated from Regional hospital was recorded from admission ward, the result revealed that the amount of medical waste generated was 0.5kg/bed/day for non sharps and garbage, 0.015kg/ bed/ day of sharp containers and 1.8 kg/ bed/day of garbage. Medical waste from the health centre was 0.02kg/person/day excluding sharp and garbage, and 0.02kg/person /day of sharp container. For dispensaries the results revealed that the amount of waste generated was 0.01kg/person/day of healthcare waste excluding sharps and 0.01kg/person /day of sharp containers. These results differ with an average of that is generated in Botswana where in hospitals recorded amount generated were 0.75kg/bed/day excluding sharps, 0.05kg/bed/day of sharp containers and 3kg/bed /day of garbage from admission ward (NCSA, 1996).Type of facilities available for storage of solid medical wasteDuring the study diffe rent sections of health facilities were assessed through observation complemented by interview of heath workers. The results in Table 3 reveal that medical waste storage facilities were determined by the characteristic of the waste produced. Health workers reported that common type of storage facilities were safety boxes, plastic material, and metal. These resulted into spillage of medical waste to the environment as they were easily blown by wind or directly accessed by insects and other vermins. The identical results were reported in India by Patil and Shekdar (2001) that, authorities were failing to install appropriate systems for a variety of reasons such as non availability of appropriate technologies, inadequate resources and absence seizure of professional training on waste management. The study established that 81.7% of the storage facilities were not in good state. This resulted into difficulties in the management of medical waste (Figure 1 and Table 3). Respondent from ho spital observed the adequacy of facilities in terms of capacity to handle waste generated and conforming to required standards having handles, covers lid and presence of waste pits, while the status was contrary in heath centers and dispensaries.Performance of medical waste management toolsThe performance of the existing health care waste management facilities for storage and treatment were assessed through their capacity in terms of sizes, handling mechanism, cover (protect waste from spillage) and pit where waste are to be deposited. Considering the sizes of equipments the results vis. waste generated, the results in Table 3 indicates that medical waste storage facilities, in relation to storage size were considered adequate by 75.9%, 71.4% and 66.7% for hospital, dispensaries and health centre, respectively. Handling mechanism is also a factor which influences good performance of medical waste management equipment. Through observation of the storage facilities with handles were 6 5.5%, 22.2% and 28.6% in hospital, heath center and dispensaries, respectively. Lack of handle to medical waste storage facilities brought difficulties in transporting healthcare waste that could lead to contamination of handlers during lifting.Further, assessment of performance was made on availability of lid for medical waste storage tools where it was observed that (86.2%) of hospital tools had lid and (13.8 %) was running without lid. (11.1%) had lid for health centre and (88.9%) was operating without lid and 14.3% was noted to have lid for dispensaries while 85.7% had no lid. Lack of lid on medical waste storage tools is dangerous to health because it is easy to be accessed by insects which transmit diseases and also medical waste is unsightly because it contains waste which may cause repugnant. Poor performance of equipments could be due to inadequate funds for procurement of standard tools and availability of standard tools. Inefficiency of waste equipment created difficultie s in management of medical waste that had higher probability of exposing infection to healthcare workers, patients and the environment. WHO (2005) suggested that for cost effectiveness and efficiency medical waste equipment it is best(predicate) to purchase item which qualify the National standards for management of medical waste or approved by World Health Organization such as safety boxes and other waste containers and protective equipment.Respondent from those health facilities which hadnt waste treatment pit the result shows that 84.2% dispose waste in pit latrine and 15.8% in a dug pit. Disposal of medical waste in pit latrine was a great mistake because are not meant for that purposes. Sometimes, medical waste such as post delivery waste emitted foul smell which led to further environmental pollution. WHO, (1999) also noticed that despite of its infectious medical waste was not being properly disposed off by the concerned agencies as it was often disposed on open dumps along with other waste.Effectiveness of practices in storage and treatment of medical wasteEffectiveness of the waste management practices of the surveyed health facilities were assessed based on the number of trained workers available, time spent to collect, store and treatment/disposal of the waste and the cleanliness and attractiveness of the health facilities.The results indicated that for hospital trained staff versus patients was at the ratio of 134 while National guideline requires the ratio of 110. WHO ( 2008) revealed that inadequate human resources for healthcare tend to weaken healthcare delivery systems with suboptimal infrastructure, poor management capacity and under-equipped health facilities have brought about a situation where the likelihood of adverse events become high. The number of staffs who were engaged in management of medical waste was two staff for each section in hospitals, health centre and dispensaries. Medical waste management is a dangerous and tiresome job. The small number of staff are engaged in management of healthcare waste failed to manage properly. This situation in Sumbawanga Municipality is contrary to WHO (2002) recommendations, that health care waste management is first of all management issues that require the commitment of the entire staff within health care facilities.The study results show that respondent perception and understanding on time spent for management of medical waste vary from hospital to dispensaries. 81.8% of respondents from hospital indicates that time spent to manage MW is between six to eight hours in a day, as compared to health centers where 80% of respondent indicates that time spent is between three to five hours. Dispensaries all respondents indicate that time taken for management of MW is one to two hours (Table 4). Time spent was sufficient for hospital while insufficient for health centre and dispensaries. Time spent for hospital was high compared to other levels because had a special group of e mployee (casual laborers) purposely for medical waste and environmental management activities who are required to work a minimum of 8 hrs in a day according to job requirements. On contrary for health centre and dispensaries were permanent employee whose work was for both service deliver, then on medical waste management activities and environmental care.Clean and attractive health facilities determine the effectiveness and efficiency of medical waste management activities to all levels of health services. During the research, the result revealed that 59.4% responded that hospitals were very clean, 40.6% responded moderate, and 100% responded moderate for health centre while 59.1% responded moderate for dispensary and 40.9% responded poor sanitation (Table 5). This situation is contrary to National health care waste management policy guideline which requires proper management of medical waste for prevention of diseases, environmental protection and beautification (MOHSW, 2006). To t riangulate perception of respondents who are health workers, cross tabulation was indicating that hours spent for management of medical waste and cleanliness (appearance) of health facilities has relationship. The correlation between working hours and the state of cleanliness is highly significant (pKnowledge of health workers towards management of medical wasteAs regard to knowledge on consequences of medical waste 95.5% of respondents from hospital had high knowledge on the consequences of medical waste, 4.5% had moderate knowledge, 90% of health centre study group were highly knowledgeable, 10% had moderate knowledge and 78.1% were highly knowledgeable for dispensary, 15.6% moderate knowledge and 6.3% had poor knowledge (Table 6). Importance of knowledgeable health workers is on waste in highly required in segregation and coding storage materials used for medical waste management. The level of education was highly associated with knowledge of health workers on medical waste as ha zardous material that the correlation was statistically significant (pMedical Waste requisitionThe need for proper segregation and the extent, to which segregation is required, is primarily dictated by the technology and this is one of important step in reducing the volume of hazardous waste. Most treatment technologies have some limitations in terms of processing capability. This limitation depends much on design restrictions, compatibility with certain components, legal prohibitions, and possible negative environmental impact, social and ethical reasons.Table 7 shows that percentage of quantity of medical waste recorded segregated at hospital, heath centers and dispensaries were 93.8, 70 and 27, respectively. magic spell waste that was found mixed was 6.2%, 27.3% and 72.7% at hospital, heath centers and dispensaries. Segregation of hazardous/infections waste is the key to achieving sound medical waste management. Poor segregation of medical waste poses serious health risks to th e personnel handling them, and this could lead to possibility of surface and ground water contamination. Mujahid et.al., (2005) and Mohamed et. al., (2006) observed a serious health problem in Dhaka because medical waste was disposed in Municipal without segregating them. Also, Manyele et al (2003) contented that lack of plan for management of medical waste, lack of record the amount of medical waste generated, reduction of quantity and toxicity of waste at the source and segregation were the challenges facing Tanzania in management of medical waste. The high performance of hospital compared to health centre and dispensaries was influenced by availability of tools, number of staff engaged, hours spent in management of medical waste and knowledge of health workers.Color codingColor coding system aim at ensuring an immediate separation and identification of the hazardous associated with the type of healthcare waste which also determines the treatment method to be employed. The result s revealed that 90.6% of hospital medical waste equipment were colour coded or provided with label and 9.4% was not colour coded, 30% of health centre tools were colour coded and 70% were not colour coded while 100% of dispensary medical waste storage tools were not color coded or labeled (Table 8). Lack of coloration of medical waste tools to dispensary level was contrary to healthcare waste management policy guideline which requires coloration of medical waste storage facilities (MOHSW, 2006). Longe and Williams (2006) observed that in Nigeria, private owned hospitals has the most efficient colour coding system, where colored buckets were used red for sharp and broken glass, green for syringes and needles and blue for all blood dye cottons, gauze and bandages.CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSConclusionsMedical waste generated in healthcare facilities differs from type and ownership of facilities but there is no composition distinction between private and public hospitals. The perfo rmance of medical waste management tools were inefficient due to the reason that most of them were below National and World Health Organization standards. The effectiveness of medical waste management practices was highly affected by inadequate staff and time spent in management of medical waste which resulted into poor cleanliness of some health facilities. Knowledge of health workers on management of medical waste was high but was not highly applied due to inadequate and low standard of healthcare waste management tools. Generally Medical waste management activities in Sumbawanga Municipal Council were not given sufficient priority or concern because of unimproved system of medical waste management. Inadequate staff, insufficient and poor performance of supplies for storage of medical waste, poor infrastructure such as incinerator and treatment pit for treatment of medical waste, lack of segregation and coloration of tools is a major reason to draw this conclusion. However most of healthcare workers had knowledge on medical waste management with small gap which need to be improved.RecommendationsBased on the findings and discussions, the following recommendations are made to the Regional Medical Officer, Municipal Medical Officer, Diocesan Health Coordinator and other Stakeholders to improve healthcare waste management whereby in order to achieve the goal, the Hospital Management squad , Council Health management team and other stakeholders should fulfill the followingMedical waste management infrastructure which includes incinerators and treatment pit should be made available to all health facilities. They should be well constructed to ensure efficiency and minimizes the immediate and long term public health risk and hazards associated with medical waste and which has the last-place impact on the environment.Build capacity by employing more qualified staff who will be responsible for service delivery, healthcare waste management and environmental managemen t of health facilities..For proper disposal of waste knowledge on the color codes for storage facilities should be provided to all stakeholders in health facilities based on the agreed National and WHO Guidelines.