The Effects of Short Term and Long Term Stress on Physiological Processes Free Essays

The Effects of Short Term and Long Term Stress on Physiological processes Stress can have many definitions, the NHS describes it as: stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure (2012) and some may describe it as when our demands outweigh our response. A stressor is anything that is likely to ‘set off’ your stress levels, when a person is feeling overwhelmed or they cannot cope with an event or situation (whether it be physical or psychological). During the 1920’s Walter Cannon began to recognise chain of rapidly occurring reactions in one’s body in response to acute stress. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Short Term and Long Term Stress on Physiological Processes or any similar topic only for you Order Now He described this reaction as the fight or flight response which will prepare the body to either fight or flee from a threatening situation (real or imaginary). Cannon discovered that during this response a series of physiological reactions will take place such as heart and respiratory rate will increase to allow for more oxygen to be pumped around the body to prepare the muscles for action. Blood pressure will increase as the blood vessels will constrict to enable to blood to move faster and more smoothly around the body. Pupils will dilate as they allow more light into the eye therefore allowing a boarder view of the situation. Our sympathetic nervous response to stress is our immediate response, this is an uncontrollable reflex to a stressful situation. Our hypothalamus send signals through our nerve cells to our pituitary gland to our adrenal glands, specifically our adrenal medulla. Here, the hormone adrenaline is pumped into the bloodstream causing the many physiological changes in our body. Also, noradrenaline will be release causing the non-essential systems to either shut down or slow down e. g. digestive system and immune system. As the adrenaline is coursing through our body it triggers the release of sugar from our temporary stores supplying energy around the body. Originally founded by Seyle in 1956, general adaptation syndrome refers to the three stage reaction to stress and our adaptation to dealing and living with it. Stage one is the sympathetic nervous response: an immediate alarm reaction to a stress and our fight/slight response. Stage two is the stage of resistance (adaptation) where a prolong exposure to stress has occurred causing our body to become adjusted to the stressor and the increased amount of hormones in our body (adrenaline/adrenocorticotropic). As a way of conserving energy and for optimum nutrient absorption a person may feel reduced desire for physical activity. The final stage is the exhaustion stage, as there has been an increased amount of corticosteroids in the body, the immune system will have become much weaker making a person much more susceptible to chronic illness/heart attacks/severe infection as our bodies are much less capable of an immune response. If a person has GAS then there body will be in the process of the parasympathetic nervous response, it differs to the sympathetic response as hypothalamus signals to the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone. This hormone will trigger corticosteroids into the blood from the adrenal cortex which suppresses the immune system and converts glycogen in muscles and the liver into sugar. In 1997, Marmot conducted a study into low job control and the risk of coronary heart disease. It was determined that low job control did increase the risk of heart disease. How to cite The Effects of Short Term and Long Term Stress on Physiological Processes, Papers

My Bible Camp Experience Essay Example For Students

My Bible Camp Experience Essay My summer vacation started off quite regularly. My friends from school, whose amount had grown since my sophomore year, all formed plans to hang out during the three month break. Unfortunately, my best friend Irvin was caught off guard on account of his parents by getting informed of their plans for him to fly overseas to live in Hawaii for, at the least, three months. This obviously meant that Irv and I would not have a chance to conform to the layout of our plans that summer; one of which was our plan to share a cabin at Pioneer Bible Camp, which we had been attending annually for a few years. The change was unexpected. â€Å"Unexpected† had to have been the theme of my summer, due to the varying changes I underwent during the vacation. During my sophomore year, I went through a stage of minor depression. I was familiar with self-medication, but was always told by my mom that drugs were ground for disownment in her eyes. Her threats frightened me ever since first grade when I had first heard the word, â€Å"drug†. She would only mention the word when she was angry, and as I grew older I realized that this term was often used in association with my father and his habits. The only thing I couldn’t understand is why my mother had put up with so much of his drug abuse, without disowning him. I guess it was because she loved him; but did that mean she wouldn’t love me if I fell into the teethed snare of the herbal essence? I didn’t want to find out, so when I was introduced to weed the first time in seventh grade, I turned it down. It wasn’t until the middle of my sophomore year, after being persecuted by both friend and foe for my lack of an open mind; and the recent uprising of my periodic depression, I curiously and expectantly gave into the enticement. I’m going to be honest. I tried it, and I liked it. It didn’t just make me happy, but it made my friends happy. Irvin had been into it before I was, so he became even more of a friend than he already was. Nearing the middle of my Junior year, Irvin and I began selling the product to our friends and relatives. However, our legitimate interests had shrunk down to liking only a few things, as opposed to a variety of things, and due to our habits that had become iniquities; the light of our faith grew dim and blew out. We no longer considered ourselves Christians. No, not even of the lukewarm kind. This was due to our growing database of what we thought was knowledge. Irvin and I, along with our new friend Isaiah got into an (at the time) uncommon set of beliefs referred to as, â€Å"The New Age Movement†. This set of beliefs leads us to believe that we were Gods, and that the universe was also God, meaning that we were godly extensions of our source. We believed that everything was interconnected, and that the universe, being an extension of us, had us in its favor. Living life with this belief made things a bit more entertaining. Not only did our newfound religion allow us to partake in the activities of our choice: like smoking weed and selling it, but it also supported our choices, along with giving us the spiritual pie we desired. However, an odd event occurred in my home and within my head. Our beliefs started getting out of hand, and I began thinking that I alone, was God. This tends to sound funny at first, but understand that this was true for me at the time. Later, I literally went crazy, as I like to explain it. My mom and dad claim I was possessed, and I don’t disagree with them: I wasn’t myself. The point is that I was no longer Christian, not even a bit. I had even gone as far as looking up fallacies in the Bible, and further, reasons why Jesus was merely a myth. About a month later I had almost completely recovered, which spawned the realization of how unrealistic I was behaving. Still not believing in Christianity, I continued life casually until school was out. Bible Camp was a sure thing for me. Fragments of memory reminded me of how fun it was, and assisted me in looking forward to the event. In spite of the memories of enjoyment I had about camp, I decided I would pack marijuana with me. I figured that since I had no friends willing to go, I would do what I could to amp the experience anyway. The morning of the first day of camp arrived. I intentionally pulled an all-nighter the night prior, in hopes that I could sleep in and miss out. At about 7am, I decided I would smoke a bowl before napping. I was startled as my mother woke me, who upon entering my room was greeted with the pungent stench of burnt weed. My mother, being familiar with the stench, was not motivated to act pleasantly. She demanded that I got ready, Pastor Cindy was almost there to pick me up. Mom had to come home from work because I was not answering my phone, and she definitely did not want me skipping out on camp. The car ride to the camp was momentous for me. I was tired, unwilling, and had the appearance of unfriendliness as well. I was left with a window seat next to Jamaica, Cindy’s youngest daughter. Jamaica and I have been familiar for a little under five years, but it would have seemed like we didn’t know each other during the car ride. Cindy made brief eye contact with me through the rearview mirror, â€Å"You tired? † She happily asked. I turned from the window to see her in the same mirror. â€Å"Just a bit. I couldn’t sleep until five in the morning,† I lied. â€Å"That’s odd. I figured you would have been excited. † I didn’t answer that time. I felt like I was acting rude, but my mind was foggy and could not muster the will to form a response. I stared out the window at the familiar deadness we passed as we drove on the freeway. I would usually pass out during the ride to Liberty, Utah, which usually ended up lasting a good hour and a half, but Cindy proceeded with small talk and simple questions that kept me awake. We finally arrived at camp. Before I could leave the car, Cindy asked if I still had my phone on me. I did. The Good Earth: Wang Lung - A Man of Determination and Loyalty EssayNevertheless, most campers enjoyed the food for thought he generously served us, especially myself. I remember his topics changing slightly as he moved from fisher of souls, to teaching the whole. By Wednesday night, he was no longer introducing new topics; but rather helping the mass of campers and staff members nail the foundation of information he spewed, to the ground. This was shockingly okay with me. After the night service on Wednesday, I honestly had come to the point of considering Christianity. A war of old thoughts and new thoughts had taken place on the battlegrounds of my mind, and the newer thoughts were nearing victory. In spite of the upper hand, my new thoughts possessed over the old, there were a few bumps in the road that lead to my salvation. I was still contemplating the actual existence of the Christian deity, Jesus. I had accepted my research on his illegitimacy as fact, but the changes that were being implemented upon my heart were forcing me to think differently. Thursday afternoon chapel took place, which yielded another good-sized scoop of information for the camp and I. I pondered on the reality of a God-Man coming to Earth, saving many and becoming the greatest sacrifice known to man. I wondered whether Heaven or Hell existed. Earlier, I thought the aforementioned places were used as scare tactics for children and citizens. What I had learned at camp directed my thinking elsewhere, and I slowly became a believer. The sun began its descent, and the evening came around. Thursday night chapel had also arrived; the second to last chapel, as it was most years. Finding myself convicted of my sins during the service urged me to believe that the Holy Spirit had made its way into my vessel. The service that night was tear-jerking to a few of the attendees. After Mike was through with what he was talking about, he asked everyone but the counselors to bow their heads and close their eyes. He proceeded to invite those who had not yet accepted Jesus as their personal Lord and Savior to raise a hand. The idea was, that the counselors in charge of the cabins would tap on the shoulder of a camper with a hand raised, go somewhere private with them, share the Romans Road with them while answering their questions, then end with a life changing decision from the camper seeking grace. Astonishing others more than I had surprised myself, I silently raised my hand. Within seconds, Lincoln happily tapped on my shoulder, and asked me to go outside with him. I rose from my seat without looking around to remain respectful, and followed my counselor outside. It had become chilling outside, and Lincoln provided his coat for me to wear temporarily. We sat at a lunch table a few steps from the chapel’s entrance, and Lincoln opened his Bible to the book of Romans. I was very impressed with the content he had for me. Yes, I had questions, but Lincoln had answers that seemed to be fabricated by God Himself. The ride home from camp was entirely different than the ride there. Pastor Cindy picked all of us up and instantly noticed the difference. She asked all of us if we had fun, and I was the first to answer. I told her about Mike Shrock, which lead to the apparent complaints Jamaica and Asia had about him. After that, I revealed to my church mates that I was not Christian on the way to camp. Almost simultaneously, everyone answered, â€Å"we know. † I laughed it off, and told Cindy that I was interested in attending another week. The day camp had ended, Rhonda Ransom, the co-director and owner of the camp, introduced an irrefusable offer to the campers. Apparently they were short a cabin or two for the next week, and were in need of more campers to reach their planned amount of attendants. My cabin and I strongly considered it, and to make a long story short, I ended up going, along with my entire cabin. My mom was very joyous with my return, especially with the change she noticed had taken place. After asking if I could attend another week at camp for only fifty dollars, she began tearing up. She let me know that she had been praying for the exact thing to occur. I wasn’t ready to quit smoking after the first week. The second week came and went, and I returned to my home. My long absence from my town broke my customer base down about two thirds of its previous amount. Most of my friends and their friends had the assumption that I had quit: they all knew about my depart to Bible camp. I was very encouraged to quit smoking and selling, but the temptation was too close to resist. Just a couple of days after I prayed for God to move into my life, and take me out of the drug-scene, prayer was answered, but not in the way I personally would have answered it. My mom discovered an ongoing problem within our family that had become the basis for the recent behavioral change within my dad. This forced my mom to pack her things and move out, taking my sister and I with her. After a month of living with my aunt in her single-room apartment, we found an apartment in Kearns. This change allowed me to leave my old school, where I thrived with selling dope and promoting malice, and introduced the possibility of a brand new start. I have been sober since the night of my family’s departure from my dad’s house, and have been actively associating myself with other Christians, motivated by a zeal for God and by staying faithful. The theme of my summer had â€Å"unexpected† written all over it, but I would not have had it happen any other way.

Rio Tinto Company Recruitment Programs

Introduction A company must ensure it adopts transparent and credible recruitment programs to ensure it employs qualified and experienced employees. This essay examines how Rio Tinto (an Australian based mining company) manages its human resource section.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rio Tinto Company Recruitment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background Human resource refers to all efforts (intellectual and manual) employed by people to ensure a production process is successful. People are drivers of change and other development aspects and this means their contributions to the success of a company cannot be ignored (Cleary 21). Human resource management refers to all deliberate steps taken to ensure a company has a robust human resource. These activities include recruiting, training, motivating and retaining workers. Rio Tinto is an Australian multinational company that engages in mining of metals . This company was previously owned by the Spanish government until 1873 when a group of international investors purchased it. It has undergone various transformations including acquisitions and mergers and diversification of its products and services (Altman 11). This was a metal mining company but has now expanded its activities to include refining of ores (iron and bauxite). A survey conducted in 2011 showed that this company has about 70,000 workers in its Australian and other subsidiary companies located in different parts of the world. In addition, its 2012 revenue index showed that it generates about $ 50.967 billion and its operating income was $1.153 billion in addition to generating $ 3.004 billion the same year. However, this company is highly criticized by environmentalists for degrading the environment through its mining processes especially in its Grasberg mine located in Indonesia. Human right groups have also criticized this company regarding its attempts to stop wor kers from joining various unions (Russell 41). In addition, the company is ranked poorly in terms of working conditions and other social corporate responsibilities. Stakeholders Involved This company acknowledges the importance of recognizing and working with local communities to ensure it maximizes their abilities as workers and providers of basic resources like land and labor. The Aboriginal society is one of the marginalized groups in the world that face extinction due to modernization (Mathis 85). They have attracted a lot of global attention in various issues including land ownership. They have a very strong attachment to their ancestral land and this makes it necessary to approach any land related issue with a lot of caution. This company relies on natural resources (mineral ores) as its basic raw material. Unfortunately, this resource is located in Australia in the region occupied by the Aboriginal community (Attorney 55). This means there must be an effective strategy to ens ure the local community is not affected by the process of mining. This necessitated the need to have various stakeholders to ensure there is a smooth process of acquiring the resource from this local community.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rio Tinto is the first stakeholder in this process since it is the initiator of all other activities. This company requires raw materials to enable it to run its operations. It has developed various plans to ensure its activities run smoothly. First, it has invested in machinery, human resource and finance to ensure it has all the requirements to conduct its operations (Noe 55). Secondly, the government also has a stake in the operations of this company to ensure that it abides by the rules set to regulate mining. These rules include tax generation, environmental conservation, human resource management and compliance to legal business a ctivities. In addition, the Australian government (local and national) ensures this company complies with all regulations meant to promote healthy business activities (Muller 25). The third stakeholder is the local community which comprises of the Aboriginals. This community has a strong attachment with their ancestral lands and this means that the company must consult with all traditional leaders to ensure the local community understands and supports the mining process. Lastly, non governmental groups are also important in monitoring how this company contributes to progress human life and the society (Taylor 13). They ensure the company does not violate human rights or interfere with the environment. Effects of Employment and Education Outcomes This company faced a lot of local and international criticism because it ignored the local community regarding employment. Most employees came from other countries including Canada and this became a very serious challenge that affected this company. This put the managers at crossroads regarding offering jobs to the local population. The company required professionals to handle various processes (Gammage 43). However, there was a high illiteracy level among this population and this offered a serious challenge to this company. International and local companies must ensure that the local population is given the first priority in terms of jobs. This is one of the legal corporate requirements that companies must fulfill before commencing their operations. Therefore, this company was forced to recruit people from the Aboriginal community to ensure the local population participates in various activities of this company. However, there were various structural adjustments that were put in place to ensure this community becomes an important part of the company. The company established various programs to ensure all employees were qualified to handle various tasks. The first approach was to establish links with higher institution s of learning like universities where they sponsored Aboriginal students to pursue different courses. It is necessary to note that this company offered various employment opportunities ranging from clerical to field jobs (Noe 67). In addition, it was forced to offer jobs that did not require experience or academic qualifications to accommodate the local population. This was an urgent measure taken to ensure the company absorbs the large number of unemployed people in the local community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rio Tinto Company Recruitment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was no time to train or educate the local population on various operation procedures since pressure was mounting on this company to offer immediate employment to the local population or close the company. The company had no alternative but to recruit those that were willing and ready to start working in various departmen ts. Moreover, it was forced to develop measures that will ensure these people were equipped with basic operational skills that were necessary in its operations (Stone 50). The formation of training programs was necessitated by the high level of illiteracy among the Aboriginals. The company could not make use of their skills since they were neither educated nor experienced in industrial operations. People without work experience are offered trainee roles to ensure they learn while working at the company (Muller 27). This ensured the company accommodated most of the Aboriginals through its apprenticeship programs. In addition, it was forced to widen its human resource department especially regarding training its employees. Even though, this company was forced to incur unnecessary expenses in recruiting and training the Aboriginals it managed to employ workers who had necessary skills to perform various roles (Perrault 78). There were short term challenges but this had no impacts on th e future of this company. Companies that train their employees have higher chances of improving their performance compared to those that hire workers because of experience. Rio Tinto managed to train its workers and impart them with necessary skills that were essential in managing various activities. Importance of HR Functions on Indigenous Employment Programs The human resource department plays significant roles in developing employment programs. This company has an active human resource department because the local community forms a significant portion of the work force. This department plays important roles in indigenous employment programs in the following ways. First, it identifies positions that must be filled in various departments through conducting needs assessment tests (Hughes 54). These tests are usually done when a company expands its operations or when it experiences operational and managerial challenges. It can also be done to establish ways of enhancing employee perf ormance. They can also be done when a company adopts new technology or when it decides to change its production processes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, it develops recruitment procedures that help in selecting qualified candidates to fill the vacant positions announced. This is usually based on job descriptions that define the nature of work to be done and the skills required to perform these roles (Mathis 83). However, this company offers this department limited choices regarding job description as a guide for conducting an effective recruitment program. The community offers this company limited choices regarding recruitment procedures (Armstrong 12). This has forced this company to employ workers without basing any consideration on their levels of education or work experience. Later, it must train them and ensure they gain relevant skills before they start working. In addition, this department ensures that all recruits are taken through an elaborate orientation process to enable them to familiarize with the procedures and staff of this company. This is an important role of the human resource department to ensure the Abo riginals learn various processes involved in mining. In addition, it helps them to identify the roles played by different workers and the relationships between various sections. Lastly, it develops programs that will ensure workers develop their skills while working and also widen their knowledge regarding this company. There are various programs developed to reward employees that are committed, hard working and responsible in their duties (Lane 17). This includes increasing their salaries, promoting them to senior positions and sponsoring them to higher institutions of learning. The roles stated above helps this company to have an effective and value based work force since employees are offered training that is relevant to the operations of this company (Noe 69). The short term losses of these programs are less than the long term benefits accrued by having employees that have been trained to handle specific duties. Human Resource and Strategic Challenges All companies are exposed t o different operational and managerial challenges that affect their operations. Mining is a risky investment and this means this company must have a very active and responsible human resource department. The greatest challenge is associated with providing good working conditions to employees working in sites. The company experiences significant challenges associated with accidents during mining. However, it has various insurance covers to safeguard its workers and investments against losses. In addition, mining results in environmental pollution (noise, water, air and land) due to the methods used in various operations. This explains the presence of criticisms from environmental management groups and the local community regarding the role of this company in pollution (Mascarenhas 40). Even though, it is practically impossible to eliminate pollution during mining this company has developed various corporate social responsibilities to ensure it shares its profits with the society. Thi s includes offering employment, training and participating in community awareness programs. Conclusion The human resource department is the engine of an organization since it integrates all other production activities. An effective work force ensures all policies, objectives, goals, missions and visions are transferred from theory to practice. Human beings can develop very good plans to manage various issues. However, there are various issues that determine the effectiveness of employees. Rio Tinto has managed to integrate its human resource department with the demands of the Australian government, Aboriginal community and other groups. This has enabled it to maintain a good public image and generate revenues from mining. Works Cited Altman, John. Power, Culture, Economy: Indigenous Australians and Mining.  Melbourne: Australian National University Press, 2011. Armstrong, Sharon. The Essential HR Handbook: A Quick and Handy Resource for  Managers or HR Professional. Pretoria: Ca reer Press, 2008. Attorney, Steingold. The Employer’s Legal Handbook: Manage Your Employees and  Workplace Effectively. California: Nolo, 2011. Cleary, Paul. Too Much Luck: The Mining Boom and Australia’s Future. New York: ReadHow you want, 2012. Gammage, Bill. The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia. New South Wales: Allen and Unwin, 2013. Hughes, Robert. The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia’s Founding. New York: Vintage Books, 2009. Lane, Marcus. Contested Country: Local and Regional Natural Resources Management  in Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO, 2010. Mascarenhas, Oswald. Business Transformation Strategies: The Strategic Leader as  Innovation Manager. New York: Sage, 2011. Mathis, Robert. Human Resource Management. Stamford: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010. Muller, Max. The Manager’s Guide to HR: Hiring, Firing, Performance Evaluations,  Documentation, Benefits, and Everything Else You Need to Know. New York: AMACOM, 200 9. Noe, Raymond. Human Resource Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012. Perrault, William. Basic Marketing: A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach. New York: Wiley, 2010. Russell, Robert. Operations Management: Creating Value along the Supply Chain. New York: Wiley, 2009. Stone, Raymond J. Human Resource Management. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2008 Taylor, John. Indigenous People and the Pilbara Mining Boom: A Baseline for Regional  Participation. Melbourne: Australian National University Press, 2012. This essay on Rio Tinto Company Recruitment Programs was written and submitted by user Leia Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Accounting Term Paper The Most Effective Writing Strategies

Accounting Term Paper The Most Effective Writing Strategies Written assignments such as essays, term papers, research papers or reports are an essential part of accounting classes because they teach students presentation skills that are critical for success in their professional career. Lots of great ideas fail in the business world just because they are poorly presented. So when you are given a task to write a term paper in accounting, you should treat it as a very important business presentation and just imagine that your job depends on your doing it the proper way. You should do your best to express your ideas effectively. Academic writing and business writing are not easy and requires a lot of reading and thinking so to help you get started, we offer you a complete guide to writing a term paper in accounting where we are going to discuss different aspects of the writing process and give you advice on how to choose a good topic for your accounting term paper, write an outline, what to include in different parts of your term paper, and how to revise and edit your content. What Is an Accounting Term Paper? The purpose of writing a term paper in accounting is to communicate important information to the readers. It may be reporting research findings, arguing a certain issue, proposing a research, reviewing literature, solving a problem or defending a position. The process of writing an accounting term paper, just like any other academic paper, involves certain stages that you should follow in your writing. But you should keep in mind that the actual writing process can be often messy and recursive so you should use this article as a flexible accounting term paper writing guide. Step 1. Clarify Your Assignment and Choose a Topic If the topic for your term paper was given by your instructor, you should read it carefully to understand what your assignment is. Your assignment question is most likely to set out what type of information you should include in your term paper and what steps you should follow to complete your task. For example, you may be required to analyze some process, to comment, to evaluate, to make recommendations, to identify some issue, etc. If your instructor has not specified what format you should follow, for example, APA, MLA or Chicago, ask him/her about it. Your instructor may have some specific requirements that you have to follow when formatting your paper. If you are responsible for choosing a topic for your accounting term paper, you should select a topic that you are interested in, taking into account the amount of time you have to write your term paper, its length, and available resources. You should also avoid controversial or sensational topics that are not scholarly. You have to narrow your topic to a manageable size and pose it as a problem to be solved or as a research question to be answered. If you have no idea what to write about, you may choose one of the topics from our list. Accounting Term Paper Topics A Company’s Cost Volume Profit Analysis 2017-2018 Budget Research Key Financial Accounting Concepts Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting Convergence Income Taxes in the USA Accounting Fraud Risks Impact of Accounting Information on the Decision-Making Process Creating a Bankruptcy Plan Debt Financing Role of Accounting in Innovation Management Step 2. Do Research and Document Sources First, think about the general outline of your research. Use brainstorming techniques and make a list of subtopics and keywords that will help you organize your research and stay focused on your topic. A good research is a foundation of your accounting term paper so you should use a broad variety of the most credible and most up-to-date expert resources. You should gather information from databases, libraries, scholarly journal articles, scientific books, online sources, government publications, newspapers, and newsmagazines. While reading, you should make notes and keep track of all your sources. Make sure that you write the whole reference so that you can use it for your reference list or bibliography and citations or if you need to double-check the information. Organize your data and group it into categories that are variations of some sort of outline – you can write a working outline, make a mind map, arrange group notes on a large table, use file cards or combine these techniques. Your point is to organize your information and identify connections among the categories to determine the structure of your future term paper. Step 3. Prepare an Outline and the First Draft Write your thesis statement or statement of purpose and make a final outline that will help you stay on the track when you start writing. An outline is necessary to set out your accounting term paper structure and guarantee that your paper is complete and logical and covers all the relevant information and key arguments. Your outline must reflect how you are going to develop your argument so you should specify every step from your introduction to conclusion. Your term paper should include the following sections. The title should be informative and concise and include keywords of your topic. The abstract should explain your objectives, significance of your paper and your approach to the problem, and summarize your findings. Your abstract should be about 200 words or even less and it is usually written when the rest of a paper is completed. The introduction should provide background information, give definitions of key terms and concepts, explain your specific purpose and organizational plan. If the explanation of the context in your introduction is too long, you should include a separate section that can be called Context/Background/Key Terms. If you need to provide an overview of the existing research on your subject, you can include a separate section called Literature Review. The body of your accounting term paper should present your ideas in a logical, systematic and concise manner. If your paper is long, you should divide your body into sections using headings and subheadings to help your reader see the organizational structure. You should support your argument with relevant evidence and integrate your sources into your discussion. When necessary, provide statistical data, figures, tables, and diagrams with legends. Your task is not just to report the information that you have found in your sources but summarize, explain, analyze, and evaluate it. The conclusion should present a summary of your ideas and suggest some directions for further research, and recommendations. Your recommendations can be written in plain text or presented as â€Å"bulleted† information. You can also explain the significance of your term paper. The references should list sources that you cited in your accounting term paper in an alphabetical order in a proper format specified by your instructor. When writing your first draft, you should keep in mind that it will be revised so there is no need to worry about spelling or focus on punctuation. Write your thoughts freely. At this stage of the writing process, you should focus on the content of your term paper, following your outline and developing your ideas, and use information from your notes. You should use categorized research notes to develop your argument and support the points that you want to make. Include quotations and examples to support your explanation, discussion, argument, and comparison. You should avoid self-editing at this step. Use transition words to link sentences, paragraphs, and sections. You can use single words such as however, but, similarly, phrases or clauses. To make your links more explicit, you might even require using whole sentences. And if your term paper is based on an extensive research, you should use headings and subheadings to make transitions. When you have finished your rough draft, put it away out of sight before you start revising it and making improvements. Step 4. Points to Consider During the Writing and Editing Process When we speak about a well-written paper, we mean that it has to communicate your ideas because if it fails to do it, then it doesn’t matter how profound your research was. In this case, your writing will have no impact on your readers. So the clarity of your term paper is extremely important. How can you achieve that? There are three things that make good writing: effort, style considerations, and technical matters. Write Multiple Drafts Writing drafts and polishing them takes time and efforts and you can never complete a good paper if try to do it on the night before it is due. You should write multiple drafts. Complete your first draft, make it smooth, and put it aside for some days so that you can look at it with a fresh perspective, as objectively as you can. Then reread your draft and improve it. You can repeat this process with your third and subsequent drafts. You will be surprised how many ways you can find to improve what you have written. A good idea is to find a second set of eyes so you may ask someone else to read your accounting term paper, for example, your family member, your friend or classmate or hire a professional editor. Fresh readers can help you notice technical errors and inconsistencies in your argument and organization. Improve Your Style You should also take care of your style: Use active tense and action verbs that generate more interest. Take care of your sentence structure and avoid long and complex sentences. Instead, use simple, short sentences which are more powerful. Watch your paragraphs length. Don’t write making too long paragraphs of over one-page length. Such paragraphs may have more than one idea or redundant statements. You should rewrite them and delete unnecessary text or make additional paragraphs for separate ideas. On the other hand, you cannot write in paragraphs that have only one sentence. Each paragraph should include one topic sentence and a few sentences that develop that sentence or support it with evidence. Always use transitions between your paragraphs because they smooth the reading process and help readers get from one idea to the next one. Use such words and phrases like however, as a result, nevertheless, still, on the other hand, etc. Avoid vague expressions and emotion-laden words. Use words with specific and clear meaning and try to avoid clichà ©s. Remember that the purpose of your accounting term paper is the content. The style can help convey your ideas but it should not distract your reader from the content. Consider Technical Issues You should take care of the technical issues and make sure that your term paper is free of some common mistakes. Check your spelling. You may try to use a technique of professional proofreaders who often read a manuscript backward to check the spelling. Use a good dictionary and spell check software. Be careful of verb tenses and keep them consistent within your paragraphs. Avoid sentence fragments. Make sure that every sentence you write has a subject and a verb. Avoid split infinitives when â€Å"to† and the verb are separated by an adverb. Don’t end sentences with prepositions because that indicates the poor sentence structure. Always make sure that the subjects and the verbs in your sentences agree. Step 5. Revising Your Final Draft When revising your draft, you should check your accounting term paper at every organizational level. First, you should check the overall organization and improve logic and flow. Review the introduction and the conclusion to check their logical flow and effectiveness and review the body to make sure that the discussion is coherent. You should also check your term paper against the outline and verify the logical order of your paragraphs and your ideas. Then you should check the structure and logic within your paragraphs. Make sure that each paragraph has a topic sentence and includes details to support generalizations. Check transitions within and between paragraphs. Check every sentence and improve structure, word choice and fix grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes. Your revision may require many readings and each of them may have its specific purpose. At the final stage, when proofreading your accounting term paper, you should also check your documentation and the consistent use of one citation system that was specified by your instructor. Cite all the material that is not considered common knowledge to give credit to the primary sources of information. Check the accuracy of the references list at the end of your term paper. 2 Technical Accounting Term Paper Writing Tips from Our Writing Gurus: Always have a copy of your paper. You will then be able to add it to your graduation portfolio, reference them or highlight the impressive grades. Make sure to save changes in your accounting term paper every 5-10 minutes. This way you will not lose the valuable information.

Political Philosophy (Hobbes' ideas about human nature) Essay

Political Philosophy (Hobbes' ideas about human nature) - Essay Example Both these influences seem to have greater influence over the way Hobbes political thoughts developed over the period of time. His thoughts on political philosophy were therefore strongly oriented towards separating religion from the politics and state. Hobbes strongly advocated the minimal role of religious orthodoxy into the affairs of the government and resultantly he suggests that it is the sovereign which should have an authority over the religion. What is critical to note that Hobbes suggested that a person’s duties to God must not override his duties to the sovereign? This therefore makes his overall political philosophy different from earlier thoughts on the relationship between religion and the politics. This paper will discuss the philosophy of Hobbes and will make a comparison and contrast between his philosophy and that of Locke. Hobbes on Human Nature One of the most important difficulties while one reads about Hobbes’s thoughts on the human nature is the f act that his ideas on human nature cannot be easily separated from his overall political philosophy. ... Hobbes therefore strongly believed that Man is not the social animal because a society cannot exist without the establishment of a government. This orientation of the Hobbes towards the nature of the man therefore suggests that man will be at war with each other perpetually. Such tendency of the man therefore can only be controlled if there is a strong sovereign with absolute powers to control such instinctive nature of man. It is because of this reason that Hobbes believes that absolute monarchy may be the right kind of political system to control such institutive nature of man. To better understand the political philosophy of Hobbes and his ideas on human nature, it is also important to understand his concept of the state of the nature. The state of nature is used as a hypothetical condition which preceded the government. Hobbes increasingly views human nature from the perspective of the state of the nature because he believe that the human nature in the state of nature is quite po or, brutish, solitary as well as short. He therefore argues that the man essentially is a selfish individual and in the absence of any government, his selfishness can prevent the establishment of a social or society. He therefore argues that in order to accommodate the individual rights within a society, it is important for individuals to cede some of their rights and others will also follow the same. That is how the society is created out of the essential human nature. (Martinich) He also went on to argue that a man cannot, by his nature, find god or evil and therefore in order to live in peace, it is important for him to subjugate him to an authority of the government which is strong enough to provide the required support to an individual. Another

The research report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The report - Research Paper Example By June 20th, the secondary research and presentation of the research proposal was completed, and the project was headed for the next steps that included conducting interviews on the respondents chosen for the purposes of this study before documenting and analyzing the data obtained. Following your approval to conduct the research amongst residents of Beverly, the National Association of RELATORS was instrumental in providing the primary data for homebuyers who used various purchase methods to buy their homes. You also approved the proposal to conduct interviews on residents of Beverly, who had recently used one of the investigated purchase options to acquire property and those who had the intention to purchase a home in due time and were having one of the options in mind. The purchase options that were investigated for the purposes of this study include mortgage financing, lease purchase, FHA loans, VA loans and purchase in cash. After the data analysis, the project required a PowerPoint presentation of the report progress which was completed by the 26th of June this year. It is worth mentioning that the primary data was gotten from the certified website of the National Association of RELATORS. This was because the company had been assisting homebuyers in making decisive decisions on what purchase options best suits their circumstances. In the process, the company documented the number of buyers who used various purchase options. As a result, the project was able to obtain dependable data that played a significant role in the completion of this research project. In addition to that, I should not go without mentioning the fact that the respondents chosen for the purposes of this study were corporative and for this reason the project was able to obtain the intended results. My research revealed that it was imperative for potential

Issues in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management

Issues in Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management Xu Jinhuang Definition of Industrial Relations Industrial Relations focus on economic point of view, employees is a part of production and the legislation of employment term dominated by demand and supply economics. (Singh and Kumar, 2011). (Kelly) added that industrial relations is a process of creating rule and regulation to ensure the relationship in workplace and industry. The Singapore Industrial Relations During the 1950’s to early 1960’s Singapore face sky high unemployment rate and social unrest before gaining independence in 1965. Singapore has a well-established Industrial relation and stable labour management system it is well known that Singapore’s phenomenal economic growth after gaining independence was the result of the stable labour policy. Contribution to Economy In it economic development, Singapore government has pro-actively played a role in amending and regulating policy within the industrial. The Singapore Industrial relations act legislation started in 15th August 1968 (Eresources.nlb.gov.sg, 2015), to establish a clear guideline of employer’s management right and allow employees to reach their full potential while earning a better income and life. After The Industrial Relations Act has being implemented, the Employment Act was pass on next to fully provide a legal platform for employees and employers to follow and boost the labour relations, this legal act also aims to provide a steady, low cost and flexible industrial relation system to attract foreign organizations to invest in Singapore. The Employment Act preserved in regulation that wage negotiations should be based on economic growth and efficiency, rather than on unrealistic philosophies of justice (Bercuson and Carling). A tripartite industrial relations arrangement was also made with merge decision making base on entire phases of economic and social development which helped ensure in an environment of stability. (Singh and Kumar, 2011). In 1979 the PAP has implemented legal restrictions on collective bargaining, which include trade unions into the NTUC (National Trades Union Congress) and lastly consist of employers with NTUC through NWC (Nation Wage Council) which was establish in 1972 to make sure orderly wage increases and institutionalization of a flexible wage system that started in 1985 which combine wage increases to profits and productivity (TAN and BALAKRISHNAN, 2005). The NWC also made it compulsory for employer to made contribution to employees Central Provident Fund (CPF) which can be used for healthcare, retirement and house loan another Skills Development Fund (SDF) is for employees to further upgrade their skill and knowledge thru attending courses. These enhance them to become productive and updated. These measures were authorized by government for businesses to give part of their revenues to employees. The resulted in the citizens increase in their standard of living, healthcare, learning and employment rate (Rowley and Benson). (Bercuson and Carling) added that the NWC also recommended quantitative wage although it wasn’t bind in economy wide movements in typical earning is closely reflected. During 1998, the government rename Ministry of Labour to Ministry of Manpower (MOM) the objective was to create a globally competitive workforce that can achieve sustainable economic growth for it citizens, this result in Singapore being well recognized as a global developed industrialise economies. The government also used the wage reform policy and facilitate flexible Human Resource Management (Leggett, 2005). Conclusion Singapore economy is consider successful this was depended on highly developed and capable government that consistently update and amend the system and set the objective based on social and economic. Under the dominant political ruling, PAP bring a strike free and harmony industrial relations condition. Reference Kelly, D. Researching industrial relations Bibliography: Kelly, Di. Researching Industrial Relations. Leichardt, NSW: Federation Press, 1999. Print. ERESOURCES.NLB.GOV.SG Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act is enacted Singapore History Bibliography:Eresources.nlb.gov.sg, (2015).Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act is enacted Singapore History. [Online] Available at: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/d7778e3e-1d07-457d-8cb4-6b27c0b8eb6d [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. SINGH, P. N. AND KUMAR, N. Employee relations management Bibliography:Singh, P. and Kumar, N. (2011).Employee relations management. New Delhi: Pearson Education South Asia. LEGGETT, C. The fourth transformation of Singapore’s industrial relations Bibliography:Leggett, C. (2005).The fourth transformation of Singapore’s industrial relations. Degree. University of South Australia. Tan, E. S. AND BALAKRISHNAN, P. Globalization and National Industrial Relations Systems: Theoretical Implications from the Singapore Case Bibliography:TAN, E. and BALAKRISHNAN, P. (2005).Globalization and National Industrial Relations Systems: Theoretical Implications from the Singapore Case. National University of Singapore Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). Bercuson, K. and Carling, R. G. Singaporea case study in rapid development Bibliography: Bercuson, Kenneth, and Robert G Carling. SingaporeA Case Study in Rapid Development. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 1995. Print. Rowley, C. and Benson, J. The management of human resources in the Asia Pacific region Bibliography: Rowley, Chris, and John Benson. The Management of Human Resources in the Asia Pacific Region. London: F. Cass, 2004. Print. Top of Form Bottom of Form Confirmation Certificate Congratulations! You have successfully completed the Library Plagiarism Quiz. Student Name: Xu Jinhuang Student Number: 13207569 Date: 30 June 2014 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT (signature)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ HAS COMPLETED THE PLAGIARISM QUIZ Remember that the confirmation certificate is a statement by you that you understand plagiarism and know how to avoid it. If you think that you do not understand plagiarism and how to avoid it after working through this tutorial, you should confer with your module coordinator, no matter what score you have obtained on the test. Please print out this page and attach a copy of the certificate to the final page in all assignments you submit on each module as part of your programme (It is your responsibility to print the certificate, complete the information, sign it, and keep a copy of it for your records) 1